Combining Matching and Synthetic Control to Trade off Biases from Extrapolation and Interpolation.

Combining Matching and Synthetic Control to Trade off Biases from Extrapolation and Interpolation.
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DOI:
10.1080/01621459.2021.1979562
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Torgovitsky, Alexander
Torgovitsky, Alexander
中科院分区:
数学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kellogg, Maxwell;Mogstad, Magne;Pouliot, Guillaume A.;Torgovitsky, Alexander

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综合控制(SC)方法被广泛用于比较案例研究,以调整治疗前特征的差异。SC以潜在的内插偏差为代价限制外推偏差,而传统的匹配估计具有相反的性质。这种互补性促使我们提出一个匹配和合成控制(或MASC)估计模型平均估计,结合标准的SC和匹配估计。我们展示了如何使用滚动原点交叉验证程序来训练MASC,以解决内插和外推偏差之间的权衡。我们使用了一系列基于安慰剂和蒙特卡罗模拟来阐明SC,匹配,MASC和惩罚SC估计量(和不)表现良好。然后,我们应用这些估计来研究在西班牙的背景下冲突的经济成本。
The synthetic control (SC) method is widely used in comparative case studies to adjust for differences in pre-treatment characteristics. SC limits extrapolation bias at the potential expense of interpolation bias, whereas traditional matching estimators have the opposite properties. This complementarity motives us to propose a matching and synthetic control (or MASC) estimator as a model averaging estimator that combines the standard SC and matching estimators. We show how to use a rolling-origin cross-validation procedure to train the MASC to resolve trade-offs between interpolation and extrapolation bias. We use a series of empirically-based placebo and Monte Carlo simulations to shed light on when the SC, matching, MASC and penalized SC estimators do (and do not) perform well. Then, we apply these estimators to examine the economic costs of conflicts in the context of Spain.
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