From the Savannah to the Magistrate’s Court: The Roots of Criminal Justice in Evolved Human Psychology
From the Savannah to the Magistrate’s Court: The Roots of Criminal Justice in Evolved Human Psychology
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从萨凡纳到地方法院：进化的人类心理学中刑事司法的根源
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Gelder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Eisner;A. Murray;Denis Ribeaud;Margit Averdijk;J. Gelder
最近的研究声称，刑事司法机构具有普遍的特征，这些特征植根于人类进化形成的心理机制。在本章中，我们回顾了涉及这一观点的三个核心问题：我们考察了我们的心理学已经导致了关于犯罪构成的跨文化共享的观念;我们评估了基于行为博弈论和进化心理学的论点在多大程度上可以解释复杂社会中集中惩罚的出现;并考察了程序公正作为世界各地刑事司法的关键规范要素。我们表现出实质性的跨文化差异，在什么被认为是一种犯罪，并提出了一个理论的角度来看，认识到合作行为的规范基础的变化。此外，我们认为，看到刑事司法主要是一个系统，对免费搭车者施加成本可能是不完整的。特别是，我们强调公平的程序和合法性的核心特征，区别于单纯的惩罚制度锚定的正义。
: Recent research claims that criminal justice institutions have universal fea-tures that are rooted in psychological mechanisms shaped by human evolution. In this chapter, we review three core questions touching on this perspective: We exam-inethenotionthatourevolvedpsychologyhasledtocross-culturally sharedintuitions about what constitutes a crime; we assess the extent to which arguments based on behavioral game theory and evolutionary psychology can account for the emergence of centralized punishment in complex societies; and examine procedural fairness as a pivotal normative element of criminal justice across the world. We show substantial cross-cultural variability in what is considered a crime, and propose a theoretical perspective that recognizes change in the normative bases of cooperative behavior. Also, we argue that seeing criminal justice primarily as a system that imposes costs on freeriders may be incomplete. In particular, we highlight fair procedure and legitimacy as core characteristics that distinguish institutionally anchored justice from mere punishment.