Social exclusion impairs self-regulation
Social exclusion impairs self-regulation
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Twenge, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baumeister, RF;DeWall, CN;Twenge, JM
六项实验表明，被排除或拒绝会导致自我调节能力下降。在实验一中，那些被引导去预见孤独的未来生活的参与者不太能够让自己喝下健康但味道不好的饮料。在实验 2 中，一些参与者被告知不行。他们小组中的其他人想和他们一起工作，这些参与者后来比其他参与者吃了更多的饼干。在实验 3 中，被排除在外的参与者会更快地放弃一项令人沮丧的任务。在实验 4-6 中，排除导致注意力调节受损（通过二分听力任务测量）。实验 5 和 6 进一步表明，可以通过提供现金激励或提高自我意识来消除自我监管的减弱。因此，被拒绝的人有能力自我调节，但通常不愿意付出努力。
Six experiments showed that being excluded or rejected caused decrements in self-regulation. In Experiment 1, participants who were led to anticipate a lonely future life were less able to make themselves consume a healthy but bad-tasting beverage. In Experiment 2, some participants were told that no. one else in their group wanted to work with them, and these participants later ate more cookies than other participants. In Experiment 3, excluded participants quit sooner on a frustrating task. In Experiments 4-6, exclusion led to impairment of attention regulation as measured with a dichotic listening task. Experiments 5 and 6 further showed that decrements in self-regulation can be eliminated by offering a cash incentive or increasing self-awareness. Thus, rejected people are capable of self-regulation but are normally disinclined to make the effort.