Growing City and Rapid Land Use Transition: Assessing Multiple Hazards and Risks in the Pokhara Valley, Nepal
Growing City and Rapid Land Use Transition: Assessing Multiple Hazards and Risks in the Pokhara Valley, Nepal
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不断发展的城市和快速的土地利用转变：评估尼泊尔博卡拉山谷的多种危害和风险
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Sushila Rijal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bhagawat Rimal;H. Baral;N. Stork;K. Paudyal;Sushila Rijal
博卡拉是世界上最自然美丽的城市之一，拥有独特的地质环境。这个重要的旅游城市面临着快速城市化和人口增长的巨大压力。由于不可持续的土地利用方式，特别是建筑面积的增加，博卡拉的多种危害和风险正在迅速增加。本研究考察了 1990 年至 2013 年博卡拉山谷的城市化、土地利用/土地覆盖动态以及多重灾害和风险分析之间的关系。我们调查了一些活跃的灾害，如洪水、山体滑坡、火灾、天坑、地面沉降和地震，并准备了一份综合的多重灾害风险图，指示高度脆弱的区域。已根据 Landsat 图像（30 m 分辨率）制作并分析了 1990 年和 2013 年的土地利用和土地覆盖图，以了解城市化的空间动态以及土地利用和土地覆盖的转变。 23年间，建成区面积增加了一倍多，从24.03平方公里增加到54.20平方公里。尽管城市、城郊和农村地区的景观似乎是碎片化的，但不同的驱动因素在这些地区的景观变化中发挥着关键作用。研究结果为制定流域灾害风险管理创新行动计划提供了大量信息。对山谷中未来城市扩张最合适的地点提出了建议。这项研究对于提高政策制定者和其他公职人员的认识非常重要，将多重灾害风险缓解纳入土地利用政策和计划。在城市扩张、人口增长和多重灾害和风险评估之间建立联系也将改善对未来灾难和应急准备的潜在影响的建模。
Pokhara is one of the most naturally beautiful cities in the world with a unique geological setting. This important tourist city is under intense pressure from rapid urbanization and population growth. Multiple hazards and risks are rapidly increasing in Pokhara due to unsustainable land use practices, particularly the increase in built-up areas. This study examines the relationship among urbanization, land use/land cover dynamics and multiple hazard and risk analysis of the Pokhara valley from 1990 to 2013. We investigate some of the active hazards, such as floods, landslides, fire, sinkholes, land subsidence and earthquakes, and prepare an integrated multiple hazard risk map indicating the highly vulnerable zones. Land use and land cover maps from 1990 and 2013 from Landsat images (30 m resolution) have been prepared and analyzed for the spatial dynamics of urbanization and the transition of land use and land cover. In the 23-year period, the built-up area more than doubled from 24.03 km² to 54.20 km². Although the landscape in the urban, peri-urban and rural areas appears to be fragmented, different drivers play pivotal roles in landscape change in these areas. The results provide substantial information for establishing innovative action plans for disaster risk management in the valley. Recommendations are made for the most suitable places for future urban expansion in the valley. This study is important for raising awareness among policy makers and other public officials to include multiple hazard risk mitigation in land use policies and plans. Establishing connections between urban expansions, escalating population growth and multiple hazards and risk assessment will also improve in modelling the latent impact of future catastrophes and emergency preparedness.