Tradeoffs of increasing temperatures for the spread of antimicrobial resistance in river biofilms
Tradeoffs of increasing temperatures for the spread of antimicrobial resistance in river biofilms
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DOI：
10.1101/2023.09.08.556853
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发表时间：
2023-09
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通讯作者：
Kenyum Bagra;D. Kneis;Daniel Padfield;Edina Szekeres;Adela Teban-Man;Cristian Coman;Gargi Singh;T. Berendonk;U. Klümper
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作者：
Kenyum Bagra;D. Kneis;Daniel Padfield;Edina Szekeres;Adela Teban-Man;Cristian Coman;Gargi Singh;T. Berendonk;U. Klümper
河流微生物群落通常是抵御通过废水进入环境微生物组的抗菌素耐药基因（ARG）传播的第一道防御屏障。然而，由于气候变化导致全球平均温度和峰值温度升高，废水中产生的 ARG 入侵河流生物膜群落的动态将如何变化仍不清楚。在这里，我们的目的是阐明温度升高对天然河流生物膜抗性以及外来废水产生的 ARG 入侵河流生物膜的影响。为了实现这一目标，天然生物膜在德国的一条原始河流中生长，并转移到三种不同温度（20°C、25°C、30°C）的人工实验室再循环水槽系统中。在适应温度一周后，在暴露于最高温度的生物膜中检测到大多数天然存在的 ARG 丰度显着增加。此后，将生物膜暴露于单次废水脉冲中，并在两周内分析废水中产生的 ARG 的入侵动态。虽然最初一天后 ARG 能够成功并以相同比例侵入所有生物膜，但随着时间的推移，外来入侵的 ARG 在 30°C 下的损失率大大增加。 14 天后，ARG 水平在 30°C 下降至初始自然水平。相反，在较低温度下，ARG 仍然很高，并且某些 ARG 能够在生物膜中扎根。总的来说，我们在这里展示了温度升高在自然发生的增加和入侵 ARG 的更快损失动态之间的权衡。
River microbial communities regularly act as the first defense barrier against the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) that enter environmental microbiomes through wastewaters. However, how the invasion dynamics of wastewater-born ARGs into river biofilm communities will shift due to increasing average and peak temperatures worldwide through climate change remains unknown. Here we aimed at elucidating the effects of increasing temperatures on both, the natural river biofilm resistome, as well as the river biofilms invadability by foreign, wastewater-born ARGs. To achieve this, natural biofilms were grown in a pristine German river and transferred to artificial laboratory recirculation flume systems at three different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 30°C). Already after one week of acclimatization to the temperatures, significant increases in the abundance of most naturally occurring ARGs were detected in the biofilms exposed to the highest temperature. Thereafter, biofilms were exposed to a single pulse of wastewater and the invasion dynamics of wastewater-born ARGs were analyzed over a period of two weeks. While initially after one day ARGs were able to invade all biofilms successfully and in equal proportions, the foreign invading ARGs were lost at a far increased rate at 30°C over time. ARG levels dropped to the initial natural levels at 30°C after 14 days. Contrary at the lower temperatures ARGs remained far elevated and certain ARGs were able to establish themselves in the biofilms. Overall, we here demonstrate tradeoffs of increasing temperature between increases in naturally occurring and faster loss dynamics of invading ARGs.