Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LGN
Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LGN
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DOI：
10.1038/nature03387
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发表时间：
2005-02-17
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Gamlin, PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dacey, DM;Liao, HW;Gamlin, PD
人类视觉开始于在昏暗光中激活视杆光感受器和在日光中激活短（S）、中（M）和长（L）波长敏感的视锥光感受器。最近，在夜间活动的啮齿动物中发现了一种平行的、非视杆、非视锥光感受通路，该通路源自视网膜神经节细胞群（1）。这些神经节细胞表达假定的色素黑视蛋白，并通过发出光强度的总体变化信号来服务于潜意识的“非成像”功能，即昼夜光诱导和瞳孔收缩（1-7）。在这里，我们显示了一个解剖学上不同的人口的“巨人”，黑视素表达神经节细胞在灵长类动物视网膜，除了固有的光敏性，强烈激活杆和锥，并显示一个罕见的，S-关，（L + M）-对类型的颜色对手的感受野。固有的，杆和（L + M）锥衍生的光响应联合收割机在这些巨细胞中组合，以在人类视觉的整个动态范围内发出辐照信号。根据视锥细胞的颜色一致性，巨细胞投射到外侧膝状体核，丘脑中继初级视觉皮层。因此，在昼夜三色灵长类动物中，“非图像形成”和传统的“图像形成”视网膜通路合并，并且基于黑视蛋白的信号可能有助于有意识的视觉感知。
Human vision starts with the activation of rod photoreceptors in dim light and short (S)-, medium (M)-, and long (L)-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptors in daylight. Recently a parallel, non-rod, non-cone photoreceptive pathway, arising from a population of retinal ganglion cells, was discovered in nocturnal rodents(1). These ganglion cells express the putative photopigment melanopsin and by signalling gross changes in light intensity serve the subconscious, 'non-image-forming' functions of circadian photoentrainment and pupil constriction(1-7). Here we show an anatomically distinct population of 'giant', melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in the primate retina that, in addition to being intrinsically photosensitive, are strongly activated by rods and cones, and display a rare, S-Off, ( L + M)-On type of colour-opponent receptive field. The intrinsic, rod and (L + M) cone-derived light responses combine in these giant cells to signal irradiance over the full dynamic range of human vision. In accordance with cone-based colour opponency, the giant cells project to the lateral geniculate nucleus, the thalamic relay to primary visual cortex. Thus, in the diurnal trichromatic primate, 'non-image-forming' and conventional 'image-forming' retinal pathways are merged, and the melanopsin-based signal might contribute to conscious visual perception.