Glaciermelt of a small basin contributing to runoff under the extreme climate conditions in the summer of 2003
Glaciermelt of a small basin contributing to runoff under the extreme climate conditions in the summer of 2003
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DOI：
10.1002/hyp.7203
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发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
G. Koboltschnig;W. Schöner;H. Holzmann;M. Zappa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Koboltschnig;W. Schöner;H. Holzmann;M. Zappa
本文概述了2003年夏季影响欧洲的热浪对区域水文的影响。我们调查了奥地利阿尔卑斯山的小型冰川Goldbergkees盆地，该盆地位于高山Sonnblick天文台（海拔3106 m）的正下方。我们分析了长期气温时间序列，并将夏季平均气温（JJA）的极端异常量化为长期平均值（1886-2000）标准差的4.4倍。夏季平均气温为4.7 °C。2003年，降水的固体分数仅为35%。这是1927年至2005年期间观察到的最低值。为了量化温暖的温度对Goldbergeland冰川的影响，计算了正度日总和。2003年夏天的“炎热”条件迅速融化了覆盖在冰川上的雪，最终融化了下面的冰。戈德堡山脉的冬季平衡没有显示出异常。戈德堡的具体净平衡是-1.8米水当量（w.e.）。在2002/2003年期间，这是观察到的最消极的情况。由于撒哈拉沙漠的福尔斯降尘，低降雨量加速了融雪。水文响应单元（HRU）为基础的模型PREVAH被用来模拟小时径流，这是在这个小的和地形异质流域的出口观察。分离所有导致径流的组分。该模型使用Sonnblick天文台获得的每小时气象数据驱动。雪和冰融化是基于先进的温度指数方法建模的。利用观测到的冰川物质平衡数据对该模型进行了验证。模拟的最大融冰速率为2.7 mm/h（冰川表面为4.9 mm/h）。2003年8月，冰川融水占总径流量的81%。版权所有© 2008约翰威利父子有限公司。
This paper gives an overview on the regional hydrological impact of the heatwave, which affected Europe in the summer of 2003. We investigated the small, glacierized Goldbergkees basin in the Austrian Alps, which is situated directly beneath the high Alpine Sonnblick observatory (3106 m a.s.l.). We analysed the long‐term air temperature time series and quantified the extreme anomaly of the mean summer (JJA) air temperature for 4·4 times the standard deviation of the long‐term mean (1886–2000). The mean summer air temperature was 4·7 °C. In 2003, the solid fraction of precipitation was only 35%. This was the lowest value observed from 1927 to 2005. To quantify the impact of the warm temperatures on the Goldbergkees glacier positive degree‐day sums were calculated. The ‘hot’ conditions of the summer of 2003 rapidly melted the snow covering the glacier and finally melted the ice beneath. The winter balance of the Goldbergkees did not show anomalies. The specific net balance of Goldbergkees was − 1·8 m water equivalent (w.e.) for the 2002/2003 period and has been the most negative observed. Snowmelt was accelerated by low albedo, which was a result of Sahara dust‐falls. The hydrological response unit (HRU)‐based model PREVAH was applied to simulate hourly runoff, which was observed at the outlet of this small and topographically heterogeneous basin. All components contributing to runoff were separated. The model was driven using hourly meteorological data gained from the Sonnblick observatory. Snow‐ and icemelt were modelled based on an advanced temperature index‐based approach. The model was validated using observed glacier mass balance data. The maximum simulated icemelt rate was 2·7 mm/h (4·9 mm/h assigned to the glacier surface). During August 2003, glaciermelt contributed 81% to the total runoff. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.