A “knowledge profile” of an engineering occupation: temporal patterns in the use of engineering knowledge
A “knowledge profile” of an engineering occupation: temporal patterns in the use of engineering knowledge
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工程职业的“知识概况”：工程知识使用的时间模式
DOI：
10.1080/19378629.2010.519773
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
D. Bailey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Julie Gainsburg;Carlos Rodríguez;D. Bailey
每一个工程职业都是由它随着时间的推移而建立的特定知识体系来区分的。一些学者认为，这种历史上建立的知识在解决日常设计问题的工具，使正规教育比经验更重要。其他学者反驳说，工程工作主要需要个人在日常活动中构建的实践产生的知识。我们通过记录工程师应用不同类型的知识的频率来解决这个问题。采用行为的角度来看，我们隔离了1072集的知识使用在我们的现场观察的结构工程师。从这些事件中，我们构建了一个“知识档案”，表明三分之二的知识工程师雇用的实践产生。该配置文件还揭示了工程师使用每种知识类型的频率的时间模式。像我们构建的知识配置文件应该有助于区分工程职业，从而作为在“知识工作”的世界中概念化职业的基础。此外，知识档案可以帮助大学工程教育计划更好地瞄准和反映专业的知识需求。
Each engineering occupation is distinguished by the body of specific knowledge it has built up over time. Some scholars argue that the instrumentality of this historically established knowledge in the solution of everyday design problems renders formal education more important than experience. Other scholars counter that engineering work primarily demands practice-generated knowledge that individuals construct in the course of everyday activities. We address this argument by documenting the frequency with which engineers apply different types of knowledge, with different derivations. Adopting a behavioral perspective, we isolated 1072 episodes of knowledge use in our field observations of structural engineers. From these episodes, we constructed a ‘knowledge profile’ that indicated that two-thirds of the knowledge engineers employed was practice generated. The profile also revealed temporal patterns in the frequency with which the engineers used each knowledge type. Knowledge profiles like the one we constructed should help differentiate among engineering occupations, thereby serving as the foundation for conceptualizing occupations in a world of ‘knowledge work’. In addition, knowledge profiles can help university engineering education programs better target and mirror the knowledge demands of the profession.