CAROTENOID COMPOSITION IN SUN AND SHADE LEAVES OF PLANTS WITH DIFFERENT LIFE FORMS
CAROTENOID COMPOSITION IN SUN AND SHADE LEAVES OF PLANTS WITH DIFFERENT LIFE FORMS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00991.x
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发表时间：
1992-05-01
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
ADAMS, WW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DEMMIGADAMS, B;ADAMS, WW
9种一年生作物植物（一些有几个品种）的阳叶类胡萝卜素的组成进行了比较，与其他几组植物的阳叶和阴叶，其中包括几种多年生灌木和藤本植物的阳叶和阴叶，以及7种热带雨林植物的深阴叶。所有阳生叶比阴生叶含有显著更大量的叶黄素循环紫黄质、花药黄质和玉米黄质的组分以及β-胡萝卜素，如Thayer和Bjorkman先前对多种其它物种所报道的（Photosynthesis Research，1990，23，331 - 343）。因此，强光特异性地刺激β，β-类胡萝卜素的合成。这些作物品种的阳叶不含α-胡萝卜素，然而，目前在所有的阴叶和少量的四个物种的多年生灌木和藤本植物的阳叶的大量。有没有太阳和阴叶之间的叶绿素基础上的新黄质含量的差异，并没有一致的叶黄素含量之间的所有太阳和所有阴叶的一般差异。比较了不同生活型、不同代谢活性植物的阳生叶在峰值光照下的玉米黄质（和花药黄质）含量和叶黄素循环库的大小。当生长在充分的阳光下，一年生作物和多年生中生植物有较高的光合速率，而多年生灌木和藤本植物有相对较低的光合速率。光合速率较低的品种在中午全光照下积累较多的玉米黄质（和花药黄质）。然而，并不是这些物种也拥有更大的紫黄质+花药黄质+玉米黄质池。相反，叶黄素循环池的一年生作物品种和多年生中生植物的太阳叶不小，甚至可能更大，比那些多年生灌木和藤本植物的太阳叶低光合速率。这是如此，尽管事实上，作物物种经历了更小程度的过度光照在充分的阳光比灌木和藤蔓。因此，许多作物物种在中午仅将约30 - 50%的叶黄素循环池转化为玉米黄质，而灌木和藤本植物通常将超过80%的叶黄素循环池转化为玉米黄质。作物物种也比灌木和藤蔓植物具有更大的β-胡萝卜素池，但比大多数后者物种具有更小的叶黄素池。
The carotenoid composition of sun leaves of nine species of annual crop plants (some with several varieties) was compared with sun and shade leaves of several other groups of plants, among those sun and shade leaves of several species of perennial shrubs and vines and deep-shade leaves of seven rainforest species. All sun leaves contained considerably greater amounts of the components of the xanthophyll cycle violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin as well as of beta-carotene than the shade leaves, as had previously been reported for a variety of other species by Thayer & Bjorkman (Photosynthesis Research, 1990, 23, 331-343). Therefore, high light specifically stimulated beta,beta-carotenoid synthesis. The sun leaves of these crop species did not contain alpha-carotene which was, however, present in large amounts in all shade leaves and in smaller amounts in sun leaves of three of the four species of perennial shrubs and vines. There was no difference in neoxanthin content on a chlorophyll basis between sun and shade leaves, and there was no consistent general difference in the lutein content between all sun and all shade leaves. The zeaxanthin (and antheraxanthin) content at peak irradiance and the xanthophyll cycle pool size were compared for sun leaves from the different groups of plants with different life forms and different metabolic activities. When growing in full sunlight the annual crop species and a perennial mesophyte had high rates of photosynthesis whereas the perennial shrubs and vines had relatively low photosynthesis rates. More zeaxanthin (and antheraxanthin) were accumulated at noon in full sunlight in those species with the lower photosynthesis rates. However, it was not such that those species also possessed the larger pools of violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin. Instead, the xanthophyll cycle pools of sun leaves of the annual crop species and the perennial mesophyte were not smaller, and were even possibly larger, than those of sun leaves of the perennial shrubs and vines with low photosynthesis rates. This was so in spite of the fact that the crop species experienced much lesser degrees of excessive light at full sun than the shrubs and vines. Thus, many of the crop species converted only about 30-50% of their xanthophyll cycle pool to zeaxanthin at noon, whereas the shrubs and vines typically converted more than 80% of their pool into zeaxanthin. The crop species also had larger pools of beta-carotene than the shrubs and vines but smaller pools of lutein than the majority of the latter species.