Ambient pollution and respiratory outcomes among schoolchildren in Durban, South Africa
Ambient pollution and respiratory outcomes among schoolchildren in Durban, South Africa
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DOI：
10.7196/sajch.598
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Jack, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naidoo, R N;Robins, T G;Jack, C
Objective.研究南非德班学龄儿童环境空气污染物与呼吸系统疾病之间的关系。从德班的两个地区（高度工业化的南部与非工业化的北部相比）的七个社区中选出了小学。随机选择的四年级教室的孩子被邀请参加。进行标准化访谈、肺量测定、乙酰甲胆碱激发试验和皮肤点刺试验。在每所学校监测颗粒物（PM）、二氧化硫（SO2）和一氧化碳，而在其他地点监测氮氧化物（NOx）和其他污染物。SO2在南部明显高于北部，而PM浓度在整个城市相似。与任何严重程度的哮喘一致的症状的患病率为32.1%。南方学校儿童中持续性哮喘（12.2%v.9.6%）和显著气道高反应性（AHR）（8.1%v.2.8%）的协变量校正患病率高于北方学校儿童，而SO2导致显著AHR风险增加两倍（95%置信区间0.98 - 4.66; p = 0.056）。与远离工业源的社区的儿童相比，来自工业暴露社区的学童经历了更高的协变量调整的持续性哮喘和显著AHR患病率。我们的研究结果强烈提示这些儿童中与工业污染相关的不良呼吸系统健康影响。
Objective. To examine associations between ambient air pollutants and respiratory outcomes among schoolchildren in Durban, South Africa.Methods. Primary schools from within each of seven communities in two regions of Durban (the highly industrialised south compared with the non-industrial north) were selected. Children from randomly selected grade 4 classrooms were invited to participate. Standardised interviews, spirometry, methacholine challenge testing and skin-prick testing were conducted. Particulate matter (PM), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide were monitored at each school, while nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other pollutants were monitored at other sites.Results. SO2 was significantly higher in the south than in the north, while PM concentrations were similar across the city. The prevalence of symptoms consistent with asthma of any severity was 32.1%. Covariate-adjusted prevalences were higher among children from schools in the south than among those from the north for persistent asthma (12.2% v. 9.6 %) and for marked airway hyperreactivity (AHR) (8.1% v. 2.8%), while SO2 resulted in a twofold increased risk of marked AHR (95% confidence interval 0.98 - 4.66; p = 0.056).Conclusions. Schoolchildren from industrially exposed communities experienced higher covariate-adjusted prevalences of persistent asthma and marked AHR than children from communities distant from industrial sources. Our findings are strongly suggestive of industrial pollution-related adverse respiratory health effects among these children.