An introduction to Alfven waves
An introduction to Alfven waves
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阿尔文波简介
DOI：
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发表时间：
1988
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通讯作者：
R. Cross
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作者：
R. Cross
阿尔文波遍布宇宙。它们在太阳、磁层、地球磁场中的低频波动中被观察到，并且它们很容易在实验室等离子体中产生。阿尔文波是探测太空和实验室等离子体中等离子体状况的有用诊断工具。在核聚变的探索中，它们已被成功地用于将托卡马克等离子体加热到超过 5000 万开尔文的温度。本书旨在为正在进入实验室或空间等离子体研究的研究生物理学家和天体物理学家提供阿尔文波传播物理学的介绍。在前面的章节中，使用理想的磁流体动力学流体方程导出了均匀等离子体的阿尔文波的基本属性。通过对相速度面和群速度面的检查，以及对最近用小型“点源”天线获得的实验结果的讨论，强调了扭转波和压缩波类型之间的本质区别。后面的章节将讨论圆柱形等离子体、具有两种或多种离子种类的等离子体中的阿尔文波、等离子体电流的影响、电阻阻尼和不均匀等离子体。还有两章是关于数值和实验技术的，这些主题在其他书中经常被忽视。
Alfven waves permeate the universe. They have been observed in the Sun, in the magnetosphere, as low frequency fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, and they are easily generated in laboratory plasmas. Alfven waves serve as a useful diagnostic tool to probe plasma conditions in both space and laboratory plasmas. In the quest for nuclear fusion they have been used with spectacular success to heat tokamak plasmas to temperatures exceeding 50 million Kelvin. This book aims to provide an introduction to the physics of Alfven wave propagation for postgraduate physicists and astrophysicists who are entering research on laboratory or space plasmas. In the early chapters the basic properties of Alfven waves are derived for homogeneous plasmas, using the ideal magnetohydrodynamic fluid equations. The essential differences between torsional and compressional wave types are highlighted by an examination of phase and group velocity surfaces, and by a discussion of recent experimental results obtained with small, 'point-source', antennae. Later chapters deal with cylindrical plasmas, Alfven waves in a plasma with two or more ion species, effects of plasma current, resistive damping and inhomogeneous plasmas. There are also two chapters about numerical and experimental techniques, topics which are often neglected in other books.