An Archival Search for Neutron-star Mergers in Gravitational Waves and Very-high-energy Gamma Rays
An Archival Search for Neutron-star Mergers in Gravitational Waves and Very-high-energy Gamma Rays
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac0623
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发表时间：
2021-06
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通讯作者：
C. Adams;W. Benbow;A. Brill;J. Buckley;M. Capasso;J. Christiansen;A. Chromey;M. Daniel;M. Errando;A. Falcone;K. A. Farrell;Q. Feng;J. Finley;L. Fortson;A. Furniss;A. Gent;C. Giuri;D. Hanna;T. Hassan;O. Hervet;J. Holder;G. Hughes;T. Humensky;W. Jin;P. Kaaret;M. Kertzman;D. Kieda;S. Kumar;M. Lang;M. Lundy;G. Maier;C. McGrath;P. Moriarty;R. Mukherjee;D. Nieto;M. Nievas-Rosillo;S. O’Brien;R. Ong;A. Otte;N. Park;S. Patel;K. Pfrang;M. Pohl;R. Prado;E. Pueschel;J. Quinn;K. Ragan;P. Reynolds;D. Ribeiro;E. Roache;J. Ryan;M. Santander;G. Sembroski;R. Shang;A. Weinstein;D. Williams;T. Williamson;I. Bartos;K. Corley;S. M'arka;Z. Márka;D. Veske
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作者：
C. Adams;W. Benbow;A. Brill;J. Buckley;M. Capasso;J. Christiansen;A. Chromey;M. Daniel;M. Errando;A. Falcone;K. A. Farrell;Q. Feng;J. Finley;L. Fortson;A. Furniss;A. Gent;C. Giuri;D. Hanna;T. Hassan;O. Hervet;J. Holder;G. Hughes;T. Humensky;W. Jin;P. Kaaret;M. Kertzman;D. Kieda;S. Kumar;M. Lang;M. Lundy;G. Maier;C. McGrath;P. Moriarty;R. Mukherjee;D. Nieto;M. Nievas-Rosillo;S. O’Brien;R. Ong;A. Otte;N. Park;S. Patel;K. Pfrang;M. Pohl;R. Prado;E. Pueschel;J. Quinn;K. Ragan;P. Reynolds;D. Ribeiro;E. Roache;J. Ryan;M. Santander;G. Sembroski;R. Shang;A. Weinstein;D. Williams;T. Williamson;I. Bartos;K. Corley;S. M'arka;Z. Márka;D. Veske
最近发现的电磁信号与中子星合并一致，巩固了多信使运动在研究最具活力的天体物理事件中的重要性。开创性的多信使观测站，如LIGO/Virgo和IceCube，记录了许多低于检测显著性阈值的候选信号。这些阈下事件候选者是多信使研究的有希望的目标，因为它们提供的信息与同期的伽马射线观测相结合时，可能会导致显着的检测。在这里，我们描述了一种新的方法，使用这样的候选人搜索瞬态事件使用档案甚高能量伽马射线数据从成像大气切伦科夫望远镜（IACTs）。我们证明了这种方法的应用程序，以子阈值二元中子星星（BNS）合并的候选人在先进的LIGO的第一次观测运行。我们确定了8个小时的档案VERITAS观测符合七个BNS合并的候选人，并搜索他们的TeV排放。没有检测到伽马射线发射，我们计算积分通量的上限，并将它们与短伽马射线暴模型进行比较。我们预计这种搜索方法将作为IACT搜索的起点，未来的LIGO/Virgo数据发布以及其他亚阈值研究的多信使瞬态，如IceCube中微子。此外，它可以立即与其他当代IACT一起部署，并具有实时使用的潜力，对实验操作的负担最小。最后，这种方法可以作为切伦科夫望远镜阵列研究的试点，切伦科夫望远镜阵列有可能在其发散指向模式下观察更大的视场。
The recent discovery of electromagnetic signals in coincidence with neutron-star mergers has solidified the importance of multimessenger campaigns in studying the most energetic astrophysical events. Pioneering multimessenger observatories, such as LIGO/Virgo and IceCube, record many candidate signals below the detection significance threshold. These sub-threshold event candidates are promising targets for multimessenger studies, as the information provided by them may, when combined with contemporaneous gamma-ray observations, lead to significant detections. Here we describe a new method that uses such candidates to search for transient events using archival very-high-energy gamma-ray data from imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). We demonstrate the application of this method to sub-threshold binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidates identified in Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. We identify eight hours of archival VERITAS observations coincident with seven BNS merger candidates and search them for TeV emission. No gamma-ray emission is detected; we calculate upper limits on the integral flux and compare them to a short gamma-ray burst model. We anticipate this search method to serve as a starting point for IACT searches with future LIGO/Virgo data releases as well as in other sub-threshold studies for multimessenger transients, such as IceCube neutrinos. Furthermore, it can be deployed immediately with other current-generation IACTs, and has the potential for real-time use that places a minimal burden on experimental operations. Lastly, this method may serve as a pilot for studies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which has the potential to observe even larger fields of view in its divergent pointing mode.