Polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery technologies for oral delivery applications.
Polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery technologies for oral delivery applications.
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DOI：
10.1517/17425247.2015.1018175
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Farokhzad OC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pridgen EM;Alexis F;Farokhzad OC
许多治疗剂限于肠胃外施用。口服给药是一种理想的替代方案，因为方便和增加患者的依从性，特别是对于需要频繁给药的慢性疾病。聚合物纳米颗粒是一种正在开发的技术，以实现临床可行的口服递送。这篇综述讨论了与口服给药相关的挑战。将考虑使用聚合物纳米颗粒克服胃肠道屏障的策略，包括粘膜粘附生物材料和将纳米颗粒靶向与M细胞和肠细胞相关的转胞吞途径。口服给药技术的应用也将讨论，如口服化疗，口服胰岛素，治疗炎症性肠病，粘膜接种。已经有许多方法用于克服胃肠道的转运障碍，但大多数都受到生物利用度低的限制。将纳米颗粒靶向肠中存在的转胞吞途径的最新策略已经证明，在口服给药后，有效地将治疗剂和纳米颗粒运输穿过肠并进入体循环是可行的。对肠道生理学和病理生理学的进一步了解可能会导致口服聚合物纳米颗粒技术的进一步改进，并使这些技术能够转化为临床实践。
Many therapeutics are limited to parenteral administration. Oral administration is a desirable alternative because of the convenience and increased compliance by patients, especially for chronic diseases that require frequent administration. Polymeric nanoparticles are one technology being developed to enable clinically feasible oral delivery. This review discusses the challenges associated with oral delivery. Strategies used to overcome gastrointestinal barriers using polymeric nanoparticles will be considered, including mucoadhesive biomaterials and targeting of nanoparticles to transcytosis pathways associated with M cells and enterocytes. Applications of oral delivery technologies will also be discussed, such as oral chemotherapies, oral insulin, treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and mucosal vaccinations. There have been many approaches used to overcome the transport barriers presented by the gastrointestinal tract, but most have been limited by low bioavailability. Recent strategies targeting nanoparticles to transcytosis pathways present in the intestines have demonstrated that it is feasible to efficiently transport both therapeutics and nanoparticles across the intestines and into systemic circulation after oral administration. Further understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the intestines could lead to additional improvements in oral polymeric nanoparticle technologies and enable the translation of these technologies to clinical practice.