Resolving the apparent discrepancy between the incongruency effect and the expectancy-based illusory correlation effect: the TRAP model.
Resolving the apparent discrepancy between the incongruency effect and the expectancy-based illusory correlation effect: the TRAP model.
复制标题
解决不一致效应和基于期望的虚幻相关效应之间的明显差异：TRAP 模型。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.71.5.845
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Hamilton,DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia-Marques,L;Hamilton,DL
不一致效应和基于预期的虚幻关联效应似乎是矛盾的，因为它们描述了之前持有的预期的明显相反的后果：对不一致的回忆比一致的项目更好，但高估了一致的项目。本文通过提供一个能够同时预测这两种影响的模型来解决这一难题。两重联想路径检索(Trap)模型采用了人记忆模型的编码假设，但区分了两种不同的提取过程，即穷举和启发式提取过程，分别假设为回忆和频率估计的基础。实验一表明，基于期望的虚幻关联效应和不一致效应是相容的，因为它们是同时产生的。实验2和实验3测试并拒绝了对所获得的结果模式的替代解释。
The incongruency effect and the expectancy-based illusory correlation effect seem contradictory because they describe apparently contrasting consequences of previously held expectancies: better recall of incongruent than congruent items but overestimation of congruent items. This article resolves this dilemma by presenting a model that is able to simultaneously predict both of these effects. The Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways (TRAP) model adopts the encoding assumptions of person memory models but distinguishes between two different retrieval processes, exhaustive and heuristic, hypothesized to underlie recall and frequency estimation, respectively. Experiment 1 showed that expectancy-based illusory correlation effects and incongruency effects are compatible in that they were produced simultaneously. Experiments 2 and 3 tested and rejected alternative explanations for the obtained pattern of results.