The relationship among deficiency needs and growth needs: An empirical investigation of Maslow's theory
The relationship among deficiency needs and growth needs: An empirical investigation of Maslow's theory
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DOI：
10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.021
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bergen, Doris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noltemeyer, Amity;Bush, Kevin;Bergen, Doris
马斯洛（Maslow，1954）的理论认为，儿童被“成长需要”（例如，学术成就）首先要求满足“缺陷需要”（例如，安全需求、爱/归属感需求）。鉴于有大量儿童的需求不足，更好地了解这些关系可以作为创造条件，最大限度地提高学习成果的先决条件。在这项研究中，我们检查马斯洛的模型，通过测试之间的关系，缺乏需求变量和增长需求变量。我们的样本是由390名经济上处于不利地位的学生参加40多所学校在美国中西部州的不足的需求进行了测量，使用来自家长调查的因素和增长的需求进行了测量，使用来自家长调查的因素和结果从个人管理的正常参考成绩测试。进行回归分析以确定一组两个缺陷需求变量（即，安全需求和爱/归属需求）和四个学业成绩结果变量。所有四个回归模型都是显着的，揭示了缺乏需求和增长需求之间的正相关关系。与成就结果最显著相关的因素是获得健康和牙科护理（安全需求）。研究和实践的影响进行了讨论。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Maslow's (1954) influential theory suggests that children's ability to be motivated by "growth needs" (e.g., academic achievement) first requires satisfaction of "deficiency needs" (e.g., safety needs, love/belonging needs). Given the vast number of children experiencing deficiency needs, a better understanding of these relationships can serve as a prerequisite for establishing conditions that maximize learning outcomes. In this study, we examined Maslow's model by testing the relationship between deficiency needs variables and growth needs variables. Our sample was comprised of 390 economically disadvantaged students attending more than 40 schools in a Midwestern state in the U.S. Deficiency needs were measured using factors derived from a parent survey and growth needs were measured using factors derived from a parent survey and results from an individually-administered norm-referenced achievement test. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between a set of two deficiency needs variables (i.e., safety needs and love/belonging needs) and four academic achievement outcome variables. All four regression models were significant, revealing a positive relationship between deficiency needs and growth needs. The factor most significantly related to achievement outcomes was access to health and dental care (a safety need). Implications for research and practice are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.