Relearning of verbal labels in semantic dementia
Relearning of verbal labels in semantic dementia
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DOI：
10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00031-3
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Neary, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snowden, JS;Neary, D
语义性痴呆是一种颞叶新皮层的退行性疾病，其特征是词和物体概念的丧失。有有限的证据表明，暂时重新学习丢失的词汇是可能的，归因于海马结构的保留。然而，患者的学习是可变的，学习成功的潜在因素知之甚少。该研究调查了两名严重语义失范痴呆患者的物体名称再学习。根据记忆模型，假设海马记忆需要一些新皮层表征来支持它们，预测再学习将受到患者关于刺激的剩余语义信息的影响。实验一证实了剩余知识对学习成功的影响。假设新皮层知识包括空间和时间的概念，以及单词和物体，有人预测，学习将受到上下文（时空）信息的可用性。实验2表明，有效的学习对象的名称，归因于病人的时间顺序和空间位置的知识。保留对象名称超过几个月的患者的自传体经验（时空背景）协会的能力。研究结果表明，语义性痴呆患者可以重新学习丢失的词汇，这表明内侧颞叶在语义信息的获取中发挥了作用。有效的学习并不意味着恢复失去的概念，但有人认为，确实涉及一些意义的重新获得。这些发现挑战了传统的语义-情景记忆二分法，并与语义记忆的“意义层次”解释相一致。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
Semantic dementia is a degenerative disorder of temporal neocortex characterised by loss of word and object concepts. There is limited evidence that temporary relearning of lost vocabulary may be possible, attributed to sparing of hippocampal structures. However, learning is variable across patients and factors underlying learning success are poorly understood. The study investigated relearning of object names in two severely anomic semantic dementia patients. Following memory models that assume that hippocampal memories require some neocortical representation to underpin them it was predicted that relearning would be influenced by patients' residual semantic information about stimuli. Experiment I confirmed that residual knowledge influenced learning success. On the assumption that neocortical knowledge encompasses concepts of space and time, as well as words and objects, it was predicted that learning would be affected by the availability of contextual (temporo-spatial) information. Experiment 2 demonstrated effective learning of object names, attributed to the patient's use of temporal order and spatial position knowledge. Retention of object names over months was linked to the patient's capacity for autobiographical experiential (temporo-spatial contextual) association. The findings indicate that relearning of lost vocabulary is possible in semantic dementia, indicating a role of the medial temporal lobes in the acquisition of semantic information. Effective learning does not imply reinstatement of lost concepts, but, it is argued, does involve some reacquisition of meaning. The findings challenge the traditional semantic-episodic memory dichotomy and are consistent with a "levels of meaning" account of semantic memory. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.