Historical perspectives of prolactin and growth hormone as mammogens, lactogens and galactagogues--agog for the future!
Historical perspectives of prolactin and growth hormone as mammogens, lactogens and galactagogues--agog for the future!
复制标题
催乳素和生长激素作为催乳素、催乳素和催乳素的历史观点——展望未来！
DOI：
10.1007/s10911-008-9064-x
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Hovey,RussellC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trott,JosephineF;Vonderhaar,BarbaraK;Hovey,RussellC
大约80年前，研究人员首次确定脑垂体调节乳腺功能，其提取物在动物模型中促进乳腺和乳的发生。他们几乎没有意识到，实际上两种激素，催乳素（PRL）和生长激素（GH）是造成这些影响的原因。到20世纪30年代中期，PRL已被纯化为一种独特的乳原，而生长激素在20世纪40年代纯化后也证实了其制造乳糖的作用。对这些激素的兴趣最初集中在它们增加产奶量的潜力上，而在20世纪后半叶，这些激素也有可能影响乳腺癌的发展，这一点变得越来越明显。在过去的50年里，随着细胞和分子生物学领域的快速发展，人们在理解这些激素如何向乳腺细胞发出信号以及在乳腺细胞内部发出信号方面取得了长足的进步。在编写这篇综述时，我们总结了迄今为止关于这些激素在乳腺中的作用的进展，目的是确保一些开创性的文献不会被稀释或遗忘。在这样做的过程中，很明显，我们可以从过去的经验中吸取教训，新的方法和技术将继续提供令人兴奋的新机会，重新审视关于这些迷人的激素和这个迷人的器官的悬而未决的问题。
Around 80 years ago researchers first established that the pituitary gland regulates mammary gland function as demonstrated by the ability of its extracts to promote both mammogenesis and lactogenesis in animal models. Little did they realize that in fact two hormones, prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH), were contributing to these effects. By the mid 1930s PRL had been purified as a distinct lactogen, while the galactopoietic effect of GH was confirmed after its purification in the 1940s. Interest in these hormones initially centered about their potential for increasing milk production, while in the latter half of the twentieth century it became obvious that these hormones also had the potential to influence mammary cancer development. During the past 50 years large strides have been made into understanding how these hormones signal to, and within, cells of the mammary gland, paralleling rapid developments in the fields of cellular and molecular biology. In compiling this review we have summarized the progress that has been made to date regarding roles for these hormones in the mammary gland, with a goal of ensuring that some of the seminal literature is not diluted or forgotten. In doing so it is clear that there are lessons to be learned from past experiences, where new methods and technologies will continue to present exciting new opportunities to revisit lingering questions regarding these fascinating hormones and this fascinating organ.