Induction of phage development in lysogenic bacteria.
Induction of phage development in lysogenic bacteria.
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诱导溶原细菌中噬菌体的发育。
DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1953.018.01.019
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发表时间：
1953
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Wollman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Jacob;E. Wollman
溶原性细菌具有产生噬菌体的遗传特性。然而，噬菌体在溶原性细菌中并不保持原样，因为在用各种方法破坏这些细菌后，发现它们中只有一小部分含有感染性颗粒（伯内特和McKie，1929）。因此，在溶原性群体的生长过程中，一小部分细菌产生噬菌体，噬菌体在裂解后释放到培养基中（Lwoff和Gutmann，1950）。这些游离酶的存在允许检测菌株的溶源性特征。如果敏感细菌暴露于源自溶原性菌株（温和型）的噬菌体，则一定比例的感染细菌存活并产生稳定的溶原性克隆，并且由这些克隆释放的噬菌体颗粒保持与用于初始感染的噬菌体相同。这种”人工”溶原性菌株在所有方面都与原始的”天然”菌株相同，因此溶原性细菌含有一种非感染性因子，即原噬菌体，它负责它们产生噬菌体的能力（Lwoff和Gutmann，1950）。原噬菌体可以看作是一个具有遗传连续性的单位。实验表明，连续暴露于噬菌体菌株的两种突变体的细菌仅携带一种前噬菌体，这表明前噬菌体与细菌特异性位点相连（Bertani，1953）。在称为K-12的Chia中进行的重组实验的结果表明，”溶原性”特征与已知的遗传标记之间存在连锁，得出了相同的临时结论（Lederberg和Lederberg，1953; EL WoUman，1953）。
Lysogenic bacteria possess the hereditary property of producing bacteriophages. Bacteriophage, however, is not maintained as such within lysogenic bacteria, for, after disruption of these bacteria by various methods, only a small fraction of them are found to contain infective particles (Burnet and McKie, 1929). Thus, during the growth of a lysogenic population, a small proportion of the bacteria produce bacteriophages which, after lysis, are released into the medium (Lwoff and Gutmann, 1950). The presence of these free phages allows the detection of the lysogenic character of the strain. If sensitive bacteria are exposed to bacteriophages originating from a lysogenic strain (temperate phages), a certain proportion of the infected bacteria survive and give rise to stable lysogenic clones and the phage particles released by these clones remain identical to the phage used for the initial infection. Such" artificial" lysogenic strains are, in all respects, identical with the original" natural" ones.Lysogenic bacteria contain, therefore, a noninfectious factor, the prophage, which is responsible for their ability to produce phage (Lwoff and Gutmann, 1950). Prophage may be visualized as a unit endowed with genetic continuity. That prophage is linked to a bacterial specific site is suggested from experiments showing that bacteria successively exposed to two mutants of a phage strain carry only one prophage (Bertani, 1953). Results of recombination experiments in Escher# chia call K-12, which point to a linkage between the" lysogenic" character and a known genetic marker, lead to the same provisional conclusion (Lederberg and Lederberg, 1953; EL WoUman, 1953).