Chiral cell sliding drives left-right asymmetric organ twisting.
Chiral cell sliding drives left-right asymmetric organ twisting.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.32506
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发表时间：
2018-06-12
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Honda H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inaki M;Hatori R;Nakazawa N;Okumura T;Ishibashi T;Kikuta J;Ishii M;Matsuno K;Honda H
极化上皮形态发生是动物发育中的一个重要过程。虽然这个过程主要归因于定向细胞嵌入，但它也可以由其他机制诱导。使用实时成像分析和三维顶点模型，我们确定了“细胞滑动”，这是一种驱动上皮形态发生的新机制，其中细胞通过沿一个方向滑动来定向改变其相对于其下（后）邻居的位置。在果蝇胚胎后肠中，细胞形状的初始左右不对称（三维细胞手性）在组织变形之前本质上发生，通过 LR 不对称细胞滑动转化为上皮管的定向轴向扭曲。在显示反转细胞手性和后肠旋转的果蝇反转突变体中，细胞滑动发生的方向与野生型相反。与定向细胞嵌入不同，细胞滑动不需要连接重塑。细胞滑动也可能参与其他 LR 极化上皮形态发生的情况。许多器官都是由简单的细胞片和管产生的。在发育过程中，这些片材弯曲并变形为最终器官的更复杂的形状。例如，这可以在果蝇的后肠中看到，这是一个相当于我们肠道的器官。最初，后肠是一个简单的细胞管。后来后肠向左扭曲，使其左右两侧不对称。在扭转过程中，后肠中的细胞也会改变形状。目前尚不清楚这种形状变化和细胞的其他行为如何导致后肠扭曲。伊纳基等人。现在已经拍摄了活果蝇后肠的发育过程，并制作了发育过程的计算机模拟。结果表明，一种先前未被识别的细胞行为类型（称为“细胞滑动”）是导致后肠扭曲的原因。在滑动过程中，细胞在沿单一方向移动时与其邻居保持接触。滑动是由后肠细胞呈现更对称的形状触发的。细胞滑动可能被证明是塑造器官的常见方法，其中许多器官具有不对称扭曲的细胞管。未来，学习如何控制细胞滑动可以帮助研究人员在实验室中创建可用于器官移植和再生医学的器官和生物结构。
Polarized epithelial morphogenesis is an essential process in animal development. While this process is mostly attributed to directional cell intercalation, it can also be induced by other mechanisms. Using live-imaging analysis and a three-dimensional vertex model, we identified ‘cell sliding,’ a novel mechanism driving epithelial morphogenesis, in which cells directionally change their position relative to their subjacent (posterior) neighbors by sliding in one direction. In Drosophila embryonic hindgut, an initial left-right (LR) asymmetry of the cell shape (cell chirality in three dimensions), which occurs intrinsically before tissue deformation, is converted through LR asymmetric cell sliding into a directional axial twisting of the epithelial tube. In a Drosophila inversion mutant showing inverted cell chirality and hindgut rotation, cell sliding occurs in the opposite direction to that in wild-type. Unlike directional cell intercalation, cell sliding does not require junctional remodeling. Cell sliding may also be involved in other cases of LR-polarized epithelial morphogenesis. Many organs arise from simple sheets and tubes of cells. During development these sheets bend and deform into the more complex shape of the final organ. This can be seen, for example, in the hindgut of fruit flies, which is an organ that is equivalent to our intestines. Initially, the hindgut is a simple tube of cells. Later the hindgut develops a twist to the left that renders its right and left sides non-symmetrical. During twisting, the cells in the hindgut also change shape. It was not known how this shape change and other behaviors of the cells cause the hindgut to twist. Inaki et al. have now filmed how the hindgut develops in live fruit flies and produced computer simulations of the development process. The results suggest that a previously unidentified type of cell behavior called ‘cell sliding’ is responsible for twisting the hindgut. During sliding, the cells stay in contact with their neighbors as they move in a single direction. Sliding is triggered by the cells in the hindgut taking on a more symmetrical shape. Cell sliding may prove to be a common way to shape organs, many of which feature non-symmetrical twisted tubes of cells. In the future, learning how to control cell sliding could help researchers to create organs and biological structures in the laboratory that could be used in organ transplants and regenerative medicine.