Preimplantation embryo programming: transcription, epigenetics, and culture environment
Preimplantation embryo programming: transcription, epigenetics, and culture environment
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DOI：
10.1530/rep-07-0324
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Lonergan, Patrick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duranthon, Veronique;Watson, Andrew J.;Lonergan, Patrick
着床前发育指导着床或附着能力胚胎的形成，以便与子宫发生代谢相互作用，启动妊娠，维持胎儿发育。着床前胚胎表现出一种自主发育的形式，由卵母细胞提供的产物推动，也来自胚胎基因组的激活。尽管具有这种自主性，但着床前胚胎受外部环境因素的影响很大，在极端情况下，如胚胎培养或核移植，胚胎适应环境条件变化或染色质重编程的能力可能超出其自身的适应能力，导致胚胎发育异常。核移植或胚胎培养诱导的影响不仅影响着床和妊娠的建立，而且可以延伸到胎儿和产后发育，并影响以后生活中对疾病的易感性。因此，确定控制着床前发育的基本程序，并利用核移植和胚胎培养模型是至关重要的，这样我们就可以为着床前胚胎的发育设计更健康的环境，并最大限度地减少怀孕和妊娠后生活中潜在的负面后果。此外，有必要将基因表达分析与基因功能研究结合起来，以便充分了解对基因表达的影响。这篇简短的综述的目的是强调我们对控制着床前发育的机制的了解，并报告这些机制如何受到核移植和胚胎培养的影响。
Preimplantation development directs the formation of an implantation- or attachment-competent embryo so that metabolic interactions with the uterus can occur, pregnancy can be initiated, and fetal development can be sustained. The preimplantation embryo exhibits a form of autonomous development fueled by products provided by the oocyte and also from activation of the embryo's genome. Despite this autonomy, the preimplantation embryo is highly influenced by factors in the external environment and in extreme situations, such as those presented by embryo culture or nuclear transfer, the ability of the embryo to adapt to the changing environmental conditions or chromatin to become reprogrammed can exceed its own adaptive capacity, resulting in aberrant embryonic development. Nuclear transfer or embryo culture-induced influences not only affect implantation and establishment of pregnancy but also can extend to fetal and postnatal development and affect susceptibility to disease in later life. It is therefore critical to define the basic program controlling preimplantation development, and also to utilize nuclear transfer and embryo culture models so that we may design healthier environments for preimplantation embryos to thrive in and also minimize the potential for negative consequences during pregnancy and post-gestational life. in addition, it is necessary to couple gene expression analysis with the investigation of gene function so that effects on gene expression can be fully understood. The purpose of this short review is to highlight our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling preimplantation development and report how those mechanisms may be influenced by nuclear transfer and embryo culture.