Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling, Past to Future
Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling, Past to Future
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DOI：
10.1002/9781119066880.ch1
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发表时间：
2016-10
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Burch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Burch
1974年关于磁层-电离层耦合的约塞米蒂会议是一个独特的事件，在此期间，磁层和电离层物理学的主要科学家在一个偏远的地方聚会，以独特的方式不仅研究了重叠，而且还研究了他们以前完全独立的学科之间的相互关系。由于M-I耦合作为一个研究领域在过去的40年里取得了很大的进展，因此追踪磁层和电离层耦合现象刚刚开始以有意义的方式被理解的一些实例，并描述这些想法是如何演变到现在和未来的，这可能是有益的。太阳风和地球磁层之间相互作用的早期模型包括电离层，但主要是作为磁层对流的导电性足迹[例如，Axford和Hines，1961年; Wolf，1970年]。在同一时期，关于产生极风的理论有些争议，极风用电离层等离子体填充磁层，并最终被广泛接受[例如，班克斯和霍尔泽，1968年]。在同一个时代，Vasyliunas [1970]发展了M-I耦合的数学理论，形成了该领域许多理论进展的基础[例如，Wolf，1975年]。从20世纪70年代初开始，卫星测量开始显示冷电离层粒子（主要是H+和He+）是内磁层和中磁层的重要组成部分[Chappell等人，1970年]和高能重离子（主要是O+）在地磁暴期间沉淀到低海拔极光区[Sharp等人，1972年]。虽然在所有能量下支配磁层等离子体的H+离子可以在太阳风和电离层中具有它们的起源，但是O+离子的广泛流行（其几乎完全来自电离层）表明电离层等离子体源是重要的并且能够供应大部分（如果不是全部）磁层等离子体[Chappell等人，1987年]。磁层-电离层耦合，过去到未来
The 1974 Yosemite Conference on Magnetosphere‐ Ionosphere Coupling was a unique event during which leading scientists in both magnetospheric and ionospheric physics met together in a remote location to examine in a unique way not only the overlap but also the interrela tionships of their previously quite separate disciplines. Since M‐I coupling as a research field has progressed greatly over the past 40 years, it is perhaps informative to trace some of the instances in which coupled magneto spheric and ionospheric phenomena were just beginning to be appreciated in a meaningful way and describe how these ideas have evolved to the present and into the future. Early models of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere included the ionosphere but mainly as a footprint of conductivity for magnetospheric convection [e.g., Axford and Hines, 1961; Wolf, 1970]. During this same time somewhat controversial theories for the production of a polar wind, which populates the magnetosphere with ionospheric plasma, were developed and ultimately became widely accepted [e.g., Banks and Holzer, 1968]. In this same era, Vasyliunas [1970] devel oped a mathematical theory of M‐I coupling that formed the basis for many theoretical advances in the field [e.g., Wolf, 1975]. Starting in the early 1970s, satellite measurements began to show that cold ionospheric particles (mainly H+ and He+) are important constituents of the inner and middle magnetosphere [Chappell et al., 1970] and that energetic heavy ions (mainly O+) precipitate into the low‐ altitude auroral zone during geomagnetic storms [Sharp et al., 1972]. While H+ ions, which dominate magneto spheric plasmas at all energies, can have their origins both in the solar wind and the ionosphere, the widespread prevalence of O+ ions, which are almost exclusively from the ionosphere, suggested that the ionospheric plasma source is important and capable of supplying most if not all of magnetospheric plasma [Chappell et al., 1987]. Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling, Past to Future