An Interventionist Approach to Mediation Analysis

An Interventionist Approach to Mediation Analysis
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中介分析的干预主义方法

DOI:
10.1145/3501714.3501754
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Probabilistic and Causal Inference
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
I. Shpitser
I. Shpitser
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
J. Robins;T. Richardson;I. Shpitser

文献摘要

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朱迪亚·珀尔认为,当错误被认为是独立的时,纯(又名自然)直接效应(PDE)是通过调解公式非参数确定的,这一见解在不止一个意义上是“开创性的”!在同一篇论文中,珀尔描述了一个思维实验,作为激励PDE的一种方式。对这一实验的分析使Robins和Richardson提出了一种新的方法,根据对扩展图的干预来概念化直接影响,在扩展图中,处理被分解为多个可分离的组成部分。我们在这里进一步发展这一新的理论,表明它为讨论调解提供了一个独立的框架,而不涉及跨世界(嵌套的)反事实或对调解人的干预。该理论保留了“没有操纵就没有因果关系”的格言,并使调解问题在未来的随机对照试验中可以得到经验检验。即便如此,我们证明了干预主义和嵌套的反事实方法在非参数结构方程模型下仍然是紧密耦合的,除非有“撤回证人”的存在。事实上,我们的分析还导致了一个简单、合理和完整的算法,用于确定路径特定反事实的(非干预主义)理论中的身份。
Judea Pearl's insight that, when errors are assumed independent, the Pure (aka Natural) Direct Effect (PDE) is non-parametrically identified via the Mediation Formula was `path-breaking' in more than one sense! In the same paper Pearl described a thought-experiment as a way to motivate the PDE. Analysis of this experiment led Robins \& Richardson to a novel way of conceptualizing direct effects in terms of interventions on an expanded graph in which treatment is decomposed into multiple separable components. We further develop this novel theory here, showing that it provides a self-contained framework for discussing mediation without reference to cross-world (nested) counterfactuals or interventions on the mediator. The theory preserves the dictum `no causation without manipulation' and makes questions of mediation empirically testable in future Randomized Controlled Trials. Even so, we prove the interventionist and nested counterfactual approaches remain tightly coupled under a Non-Parametric Structural Equation Model except in the presence of a `recanting witness.' In fact, our analysis also leads to a simple sound and complete algorithm for determining identification in the (non-interventionist) theory of path-specific counterfactuals.
用于识别条件路径特定效应的潜在结果演算。
DOI: --
发表时间: 2019
期刊: Proceedings of machine learning research
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: Richardson,Thomas
识别与因果路径相关的个性化效应。
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发表时间: 2018
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DOI: 10.1515/jci-2018-2001
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影响因子: 1.4
作者:
Pearl, Judea
通讯作者: Pearl, Judea
与因果路径相关的个性化效应的估计。
DOI: --
发表时间: 2018
期刊: Uncertainty in artificial intelligence : proceedings of the ... conference. Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
影响因子: --
作者:
Nabi,Razieh;Kanki,Phyllis;Shpitser,Ilya
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