ECONOMICS OF ESSENTIAL DRUGS SCHEMES - THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES
ECONOMICS OF ESSENTIAL DRUGS SCHEMES - THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES
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DOI：
10.1016/0277-9536(87)90088-8
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发表时间：
1987-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
MWABU, GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WANGOMBE, JK;MWABU, GM
第三世界国家的基本药物计划面临许多问题。这些问题包括长期外汇短缺对进口药品的依赖、挑选和采购药品的人力和技术能力不足、仿制药和品牌药之间的竞争、当地药品采购和分销系统薄弱以及即使在可能存在比较优势的情况下也无法开始本地生产。这些问题中的许多是相互关联的，并因跨国公司对制药业的主导而变得更加复杂。第三世界国家在国际医药产业中处于非常弱势的地位，如果采取一定的战略和政策，第三世界国家的基本药物状况将会有所改善。这些措施包括：加强药品人员培训，刻意使用仿制药而不是品牌药，公共部门参与药品的采购和分销，批量购买药品，通过继续教育改变药品处方和消费做法，改变或制定条例以防止不利的专利，并在不违反比较优势原则的情况下开始在国内生产基本药物。
Essential drug schemes in the Third World countries face many problems. These include dependency on imported drugs in the face of chronic shortages of foreign exchange, inadequate manpower and technical capability for selection and procurement of drugs, competition between generic and brand drugs, weak local drug procurement and distribution systems and inability to commence local manufacturing even in situations where there may exist comparative advantage. Many of these problems relate to each other and are compounded by the domination of the pharmaceutical industry by multinational firms. Third World countries are in a very weak position in the international pharmaceutical industry.It is suggested that the essential drug situation would improve in Third World countries if certain strategies and policies were adopted. These include: intensification of personnel training in pharmaceuticals, deliberate use of generic drugs rather than brand name drugs, the involvement of the public sector in the procurement and distribution of drugs, buying drugs in bulk, changing drug prescription and consumption practices through continuous education, changing or instituting regulations to guard against unfavourable patents and commencing domestic production of essential drugs where this is not in conflict with the principle of comparative advantage.