Natural Killer Cells and Liver Fibrosis.
Natural Killer Cells and Liver Fibrosis.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00019
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Watzl C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fasbender F;Widera A;Hengstler JG;Watzl C
自发现自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞以来的 40 年来，人们已经充分认识到这些先天淋巴细胞对于针对转化细胞和不同病原体感染的早期有效免疫反应非常重要。除了 NK 细胞的这些经典功能外，我们现在知道它们是先天淋巴细胞大家族的一部分，甚至可以介导类似记忆的反应。此外，已鉴定出具有独特表型和功能特征的组织驻留 NK 细胞。在这里，我们重点关注肝脏中不同 NK 细胞亚群的表型，并总结有关这些细胞功能作用的当前知识，特别强调肝纤维化。 NK 细胞的细胞毒性可导致不同形式的肝病中的肝损伤。然而，NK细胞可以通过杀死肝星状细胞衍生的肌成纤维细胞来限制肝纤维化，而肝星状细胞衍生的肌成纤维细胞在这一致病过程中发挥着关键作用。因此，肝脏 NK 细胞需要受到严格调控，以平衡这些有益和病理作用。
In the 40 years since the discovery of natural killer (NK) cells, it has been well established that these innate lymphocytes are important for early and effective immune responses against transformed cells and infections with different pathogens. In addition to these classical functions of NK cells, we now know that they are part of a larger family of innate lymphoid cells and that they can even mediate memory-like responses. Additionally, tissue-resident NK cells with distinct phenotypical and functional characteristics have been identified. Here, we focus on the phenotype of different NK cell subpopulations that can be found in the liver and summarize the current knowledge about the functional role of these cells with a special emphasis on liver fibrosis. NK cell cytotoxicity can contribute to liver damage in different forms of liver disease. However, NK cells can limit liver fibrosis by killing hepatic stellate cell-derived myofibroblasts, which play a key role in this pathogenic process. Therefore, liver NK cells need to be tightly regulated in order to balance these beneficial and pathological effects.