Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to Irish rivers and coastal waters: Estimates from a nutrient load apportionment framework
Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to Irish rivers and coastal waters: Estimates from a nutrient load apportionment framework
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.186
复制
发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Bruen, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mockler, Eva M.;Deakin, Jenny;Bruen, Michael
根据《水框架指令》的评估，欧洲一半以上的地表水体的生态状况不佳，农业的扩散污染仍然是造成这一状况不佳的主要原因，但不是唯一原因。在许多地区，农业环境政策和土地管理做法减少了向水排放的养分。然而，额外的措施可能需要在爱尔兰，以进一步脱钩的农业生产力和排放到水，这是至关重要的考虑到正在进行的农业intensification.The Source Load Apportance Model（SLAM）框架的特点磷（P）和氮（N）排放到水的来源在一系列的规模从子流域到国家之间的关系。SLAM综合了土地使用和物理特征，以预测点源（废水、工业排放和化粪池系统）和扩散源（农业、林业等）的排放量。预测的年度养分排放量进行了评估，对监测数据的16个主要河流集水区，覆盖50%的面积爱尔兰。结果表明，在全国范围内，爱尔兰地表水的年平均排放总量超过2700 t yr（-1）的P和82，000 t yr（-1）的N。从个人来源的比例贡献表明，P的主要来源是从城市污水处理厂和农业，与当地的人为压力和水文地质环境有关的全国各地的变化很大。农业是爱尔兰所有地区氮排放到水中的主要来源。这些政策相关的结果综合了大量的信息，以确定在区域和地方尺度的营养物质的主要来源，有助于爱尔兰水体的国家营养风险评估。(C)2017年，作者。由爱思唯尔公司出版
More than half of surface water bodies in Europe are at less than good ecological status according to Water Framework Directive assessments, and diffuse pollution from agriculture remains a major, but not the only, cause of this poor performance. Agri-environmental policy and land management practices have, in many areas, reduced nutrient emissions to water. However, additional measures may be required in Ireland to further decouple the relationship between agricultural productivity and emissions to water, which is of vital importance given on-going agricultural intensification.The Source Load Apportionment Model (SLAM) framework characterises sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) emissions to water at a range of scales from sub-catchment to national. The SLAM synthesises land use and physical characteristics to predict emissions from point (wastewater, industry discharges and septic tank systems) and diffuse sources (agriculture, forestry, etc.). The predicted annual nutrient emissions were assessed against monitoring data for 16 major river catchments covering 50% of the area of Ireland. At national scale, results indicate that total average annual emissions to surface water in Ireland are over 2700 t yr(-1) of P and 82,000 t yr(-1) of N. The proportional contributions from individual sources show that the main sources of P are from municipal wastewater treatment plants and agriculture, with wide variations across the country related to local anthropogenic pressures and the hydrogeological setting. Agriculture is the main source of N emissions to water across all regions of Ireland. These policy-relevant results synthesised large amounts of information in order to identify the dominant sources of nutrients at regional and local scales, contributing to the national nutrient risk assessment of Irish water bodies. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.