Taurine, Glutathione and Bioenergetics
Taurine, Glutathione and Bioenergetics
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-6093-0_1
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grunnet, Niels
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文献类型：
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作者：
Hansen, Svend Hoime;Grunnet, Niels
生物能量学和线粒体功能的生物化学教科书介绍通常侧重于化学渗透理论，介绍三羧酸循环和电子传递链，质子和电梯度以及随后的氧化磷酸化和ATP合成酶的ATP生产。谷胱甘肽（GSH）通常与线粒体功能有关，主要是作为氧化还原清除剂。在这里，我们认为，它的氧化还原对氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）的作用是至关重要的控制电或氧化还原梯度线粒体内膜。氧化组织中牛磺酸的浓度非常高，最近引起了关于牛磺酸在线粒体中的作用的讨论，例如。G.其中牛磺酸在线粒体基质中充当pH缓冲剂。弱碱性pH的一个非常重要的结果是，NADH/NAD（+）氧化还原对可以与GSH氧化还原对GSH/GSSG处于氧化还原平衡。这就有可能解释线粒体膜电位与基质pH值无关的现象。最后，建立了一个简化的艾德模型对于线粒体氧化，引入GSH作为氧化还原缓冲剂以稳定电梯度，并引入牛磺酸作为pH缓冲剂以稳定pH梯度，但同时建立NADH/NAD +氧化还原对和氧化还原缓冲对GSH/GSSG之间的平衡。
Biochemistry textbook presentations of bioenergetics and mitochondrial function normally focus on the chemiosmotic theory with introduction of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain, the proton and electrical gradients and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation and ATP-production by ATP synthase. The compound glutathione (GSH) is often mentioned in relation to mitochondrial function, primarily for a role as redox scavenger. Here we argue that its role as redox pair with oxidised glutathione (GSSG) is pivotal with regard to controlling the electrical or redox gradient across the mitochondrial inner-membrane. The very high concentration of taurine in oxidative tissue has recently led to discussions on the role of taurine in the mitochondria, e. g. with taurine acting as a pH buffer in the mitochondrial matrix. A very important consequence of the slightly alkaline pH is the fact that the NADH/NAD(+) redox pair can be brought in redox equilibrium with the GSH redox pair GSH/GSSG.An additional consequence of having GSH as redox buffer is the fact that from the pH dependence of its redox potential, it becomes possible to explain that the mitochondrial membrane potential has been observed to be independent of the matrix pH. Finally a simpli fi ed model for mitochondrial oxidation is presented with introduction of GSH as redox buffer to stabilise the electrical gradient, and taurine as pH buffer stabilising the pH gradient, but simultaneously establishing the equilibrium between the NADH/NAD + redox pair and the redox buffer pair GSH/GSSG.