Risk management over the life cycle of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles
Risk management over the life cycle of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2021.111240
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发表时间：
2021-06-11
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Heidrich, Oliver
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christensen, Paul A.;Anderson, Paul A.;Heidrich, Oliver
锂离子电池（LIB）是交通和能源系统脱碳的重要推动者，其高能量密度代表了人类的一项重大技术成就和资源。在这项研究中，有人认为，锂离子电池渗透到日常生活的速度比我们对其相关风险和挑战的理解要快。汽车行业当前的安全标准得益于 130 多年的发展和完善，而电动汽车 (EV) 和 LIB 则相对处于起步阶段。本文考虑了电池整个生命周期中的一些安全问题，包括：电池的报废处置、其在第二次生命应用中的潜在再利用（例如电池储能系统）、回收和非计划报废（即事故）。描述了来自一系列全球案例研究、场景和事件的故障机制和报告，以推断潜在的安全问题并强调可以吸取的教训。因此，对锂离子电池的安全风险进行了分类，并讨论了引发关于锂离子电池一般安全性的更广泛辩论的规律性要求。通过分析，确定了当前方法中的一系列差距，并讨论了风险管理系统。最终得出的结论是，需要强有力的教育和法律程序来了解和管理急救人员和广大公众的风险，以确保向低碳运输和能源系统的安全和有益的过渡。
Lithium-ion Batteries (LIB) are an essential facilitator of the decarbonisation of the transport and energy system, and their high energy densities represent a major technological achievement and resource for humankind. In this research, it has been argued that LIBs have penetrated everyday life faster than our understanding of the risks and challenges associated with them. The current safety standards in the car industry have benefited from over 130 years of evolution and refinement, and Electric Vehicle (EV) and LIB are comparably in their infancy. This paper considers some of the issues of safety over the life cycle of batteries, including: the End of Life disposal of batteries, their potential reuse in a second-life application (e.g. in Battery Energy Storage Systems), recycling and unscheduled End of Life (i.e. accidents). The failure mechanism and reports from a range of global case studies, scenarios and incidents are described to infer potential safety issues and highlight lessons that can be learned. Therefore, the safety risks of LIBs were categorised, and the regularity requirements to create and inform a wider debate on the general safety of LIBs were discussed. From the analysis, a range of gaps in current approaches have been identified and the risk management systems was discussed. Ultimately, it is concluded that robust educational and legal processes are needed to understand and manage the risks for first responders and the public at large to ensure a safe and beneficial transition to low carbon transportation and energy system.