ADHD: current and future therapeutics.
ADHD: current and future therapeutics.
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2011_125
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Findling, Robert L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heal, David J;Smith, Sharon L;Findling, Robert L
兴奋剂苯丙胺和哌醋甲酯长期以来一直是注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)治疗的主要药物。它们见效迅速，通常是医生首选的药物。在开发替代药理学方法的过程中，对候选药物进行了广泛多样的机制评估。所有这些进展都为该领域做出了真正的贡献，但ADHD药物治疗仍有很大的改进空间和未得到满足的临床需求。各种对单胺(多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素)高度特异的化合物和/或不同的药理机制的出现，加深了我们对治疗ADHD最佳药理效果的基本要素的理解。在这一章中，我们回顾了用于治疗ADHD的不同类别药物的药理学，并提供了神经化学基础，主要来自体内微透析实验，以解释它们的相对有效性和引起副作用的可能性。此外，我们将考虑基于动物模型结果的预测如何转化为临床结果。ADHD的治疗也从医生的角度进行了描述。最后讨论了治疗ADHD药物的最新研究进展。
The stimulants, amphetamine and methylphenidate, have long been the mainstay of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) therapy. They are rapidly effective and are generally the first medications selected by physicians. In the development of alternative pharmacological approaches, drug candidates have been evaluated with a wide diversity of mechanisms. All of these developments have contributed real progress in the field, but there is still much room for improvement and unmet clinical need in ADHD pharmacotherapy. The availability of a wide range of compounds with a high degree of specificity for individual monoamines (dopamine and noradrenaline) and/or different pharmacological mechanisms has refined our understanding of the essential elements for optimum pharmacological effect in managing ADHD. In this chapter, we review the pharmacology of the different classes of drug used to treat ADHD and provide a neurochemical rationale, predominantly from the use of in vivo microdialysis experiments, to explain their relative efficacy and potential to elicit side effects. In addition, we will consider how predictions based on results from animal models translate into clinical outcomes. The treatment of ADHD is also described from the perspective of the physician. Finally, the new research development for drugs to treat ADHD is discussed.