Uprooted: How Breslau Became Wrocław During the Century of Expulsions
Uprooted: How Breslau Became Wrocław During the Century of Expulsions
复制标题
背井离乡：在驱逐的世纪里布雷斯劳如何变成弗罗茨瓦夫
DOI：
10.1093/gerhis/ghs033
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
P. Stachura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Stachura
1945 年 2 月，苏联军队开始了长达三个月的猛烈围攻，几个月前希特勒指定要塞守卫至最后一人的德国百年古城布雷斯劳 (Breslau) 已成为废墟。随后，许多苏联军队的贪婪掠夺和五花八门的犯罪活动加剧了这一灾难性的局势。根据当年八月波茨坦会议的条款，这座城市以及德国东部省份的大部分地区，包括西里西亚以及波美拉尼亚、勃兰登堡和东普鲁士的部分地区，正式移交给波兰拥有，并更名为弗罗茨瓦夫。几年之内，这座城市大约 60 万曾经是德国人的人口几乎全部被驱逐，并被来自波兰中部和苏联根据《雅尔塔协议》（1945 年 2 月）吞并的东部波兰领土（克雷西）的波兰人取代。 1939 年，居住在布雷斯劳的波兰人数量很少。更具讽刺意味的是，在 1933 年在德国掌权之前，纳粹党在 1930 年至 1933 年的连续国会选举中获得了远高于全国平均水平的城市支持率 (Wahlkreis 7)。 Gregor Thum 的长篇专着——2002 年修订版
Following a ferocious three-month siege by the Soviet Army that began in February 1945, the centuries-old German city of Breslau, which Hitler had designated a Festung to be defended to the last man several months earlier, lay in ruins. Subsequently, rapacious pillaging and multifarious criminal activity by many Soviet troops exacerbated this catastrophic situation. Under the terms of the Potsdam Conference in August that year, the city, together with large segments of Germany’s eastern provinces, including Silesia and parts of Pomerania, Brandenburg and East Prussia, was officially given over to Polish ownership and renamed Wroc ł aw. Within a few years, virtually all of the city’s one-time German population of some 600,000 had been expelled and replaced overwhelmingly by Poles from central Poland and the Polish lands in the East (Kresy) annexed by the Soviet Union under the Yalta Accords (February 1945). In 1939, the number of Poles resident in Breslau had been exiguous. A further irony is that prior to its assumption of power in Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party had attained in successive Reichstag elections in 1930–1933 a level of support in the city (Wahlkreis 7) that was well above its national average. Gregor Thum’s lengthy monograph—a revised 2002