Social Bond Paradoxes
Social Bond Paradoxes
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社会债券悖论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Bales
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lynea R Witczak;Trenton C. Simmons;K. Bales
一个新兴的文献说明了一些机制，通过社会纽带维持在整个动物王国。社会关系的例子包括亲子关系、一夫一妻制伴侣关系和友谊。每一种类型的关系都涉及一系列行为，这些行为可能会产生矛盾的生理后果。例如，睾丸激素水平在表现亲代关爱时通常较低，而在表现婴儿防御时则较高，这两种行为对于维持亲子关系是必要的。本章详细介绍了社会关系可能迫使催产素、抗利尿激素、睾酮和皮质醇信号的生理权衡的实例。具体来说，它检查了平衡交配和养育行为所必需的内分泌权衡；与交配和养育子女有关的；主导和从属个体之间的群体稳定性；以及个体间同时存在的多重强键。该综合研究提供了生理权衡作为社会悖论解释的证据，并为进一步探索激素对社会纽带维持的中介作用提供了框架。
An emergent literature illustrates some mechanisms by which social bonds are maintained throughout the animal kingdom. Examples of social bonds include parent–offspring bonds, monogamous pair-bonds, and friendships. Each type of bond involves a set of behaviors that can impose paradoxical physiological consequences. Testosterone levels, for example, are generally low during displays of parental care and high for infant defense, two behaviors that are necessary for maintaining parent–offspring bonds. This chapter details instances where social bonds may force physiological trade-offs in oxytocin, vasopressin, testosterone, and cortisol signaling. Specifically, it examines the endocrine trade-offs necessary for balancing mating and parenting behaviors; affiliation with mating and parenting; group stability among dominant and subordinate individuals; and multiple strong, simultaneous bonds across individuals. The synthesis provides evidence of physiological trade-offs as an explanation for social paradoxes and provides a framework for further exploration into the understanding of hormone mediation of social bond maintenance.