Hierarchical prediction errors in midbrain and septum during social learning.
Hierarchical prediction errors in midbrain and septum during social learning.
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsw171
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Stephan KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diaconescu AO;Mathys C;Weber LAE;Kasper L;Mauer J;Stephan KE
社会学习是人类互动的基础，但其计算和生理机制还没有得到很好的理解。一个突出的悬而未决的问题涉及神经调节递质的作用。我们结合功能磁共振成像，计算建模和遗传学来解决这个问题，在两个单独的样本（N = 35，N = 47）。参与者玩了一个游戏，要求对顾问的意图进行推断，其帮助或误导的动机随着时间的推移而变化。我们的分析表明，分层结构的信念更新当前的建议有效性和顾问的可信度，分别取决于不同的神经调节系统。关于建议准确性的低水平预测错误（PE）不仅激活了支持“心理理论”的区域，而且还激活了多巴胺能中脑。此外，腹侧纹状体的PE反应受儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶（COMT）基因的Met/瓦尔多态性的影响。相比之下，对顾问忠诚度的高水平PE（“预期不确定性”）激活了胆碱能隔。这些发现，在两个样本中重复，具有重要的意义：他们认为，社会学习依赖于层次相关的PE编码的中脑和隔膜活动，分别在波动下的其他形式的学习相同的方式。此外，这些等级PE可能是由多巴胺能和胆碱能投射广播，以诱导可塑性，特别是在已知代表对他人的信念的皮层区域。
Social learning is fundamental to human interactions, yet its computational and physiological mechanisms are not well understood. One prominent open question concerns the role of neuromodulatory transmitters. We combined fMRI, computational modelling and genetics to address this question in two separate samples (N = 35, N = 47). Participants played a game requiring inference on an adviser’s intentions whose motivation to help or mislead changed over time. Our analyses suggest that hierarchically structured belief updates about current advice validity and the adviser’s trustworthiness, respectively, depend on different neuromodulatory systems. Low-level prediction errors (PEs) about advice accuracy not only activated regions known to support ‘theory of mind’, but also the dopaminergic midbrain. Furthermore, PE responses in ventral striatum were influenced by the Met/Val polymorphism of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene. By contrast, high-level PEs (‘expected uncertainty’) about the adviser’s fidelity activated the cholinergic septum. These findings, replicated in both samples, have important implications: They suggest that social learning rests on hierarchically related PEs encoded by midbrain and septum activity, respectively, in the same manner as other forms of learning under volatility. Furthermore, these hierarchical PEs may be broadcast by dopaminergic and cholinergic projections to induce plasticity specifically in cortical areas known to represent beliefs about others.