(GAA)n microsatellite as an indicator of the A genome reorganization during wheat evolution and domestication.
(GAA)n microsatellite as an indicator of the A genome reorganization during wheat evolution and domestication.
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DOI：
10.3897/compcytogen.v9i4.5120
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Salina EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adonina IG;Goncharov NP;Badaeva ED;Sergeeva EM;Petrash NV;Salina EA
尽管在过去的几十年里，人们已经对小麦A基因组进行了深入的研究，但关于它们的分化和进化机制的许多问题仍然没有得到解决。本研究利用从普通小麦(Triticum Timopheevii)朱可夫斯基(Triticum zhukovskyi Menabde&Ericzjan，1960)和二倍体小麦(Triticum diccocodes(KörNicke Ascherson&Graebner)Schweinduth，1908、Triticum Desvenes(KörNicke Ascherson&Graebner)Schweinduth，1908、Triticum Destaines，1798和Triticum linneum，1753)A基因组A染色体组的比较分析方法，对代表两个进化谱系的多倍体小麦Timopheevi(Triticum timopheevii(朱可夫斯基)朱可夫斯基(Triticum zhukovskyi Menabde&Ericzjan，1960)和Emmer(Triticum dicoccodes(KörNicke Ascherson&Graebner，1908)Schweindures，1908，Triticum Desftaines，1798，Triticum Linavestius，1753)和二倍体小麦(Triticum diccodes(Könicke Ascherson&Graebner)Schweinduth，1908，Triticum Desftaines，1798，Triticum Linavestium，1753)进行了比较分析。在野生二倍体植物中发现了位于1AS、5AS、2AS和4AL染色体上的多达4个pTm30位点，尽管大多数材料含有1-2个(GAA)n位点。驯化的二倍体小麦与野生二倍体小麦的不同之处在于(GAA)n位点的分布几乎完全缺乏多态性。在4AL染色体上只有一个(Gaa)n位点存在于单粒小麦中。在3个野生二粒小麦(Triticum Dicoccoides)材料中，我们在A基因组中检测到4个保守的(GAA)n位点和9个多态的(GAA)n位点。二粒小麦2AS、4AL和5AL染色体上的(GAA)n基因座在硬粒小麦和普通小麦中均有保留。在Timopheevi血统的物种中，在6AT染色体的短臂上检测到了唯一的一个大的(GAA)n位点。在单球小麦中观察到的(GAA)n位点在朱可夫斯基小麦的抗病基因组中检测不到，随着物种的建立，这一位点在两倍化过程中可以被消除。我们还证明了二倍体和多倍体小麦A基因组染色体上(GAA)n序列分布的变化与染色体重排/修饰有关，主要涉及野生和驯化物种进化过程中携带NOR(核仁组织者区域)的染色体。
Although the wheat A genomes have been intensively studied over past decades, many questions concerning the mechanisms of their divergence and evolution still remain unsolved. In the present study we performed comparative analysis of the A genome chromosomes in diploid (Triticum urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, 1972, Triticum boeoticum Boissier, 1874 and Triticum monococcum Linnaeus, 1753) and polyploid wheat species representing two evolutionary lineages, Timopheevi (Triticum timopheevii (Zhukovsky) Zhukovsky, 1934 and Triticum zhukovskyi Menabde & Ericzjan, 1960) and Emmer (Triticum dicoccoides (Körnicke ex Ascherson & Graebner) Schweinfurth, 1908, Triticum durum Desfontaines, 1798, and Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, 1753) using a new cytogenetic marker – the pTm30 probe cloned from Triticum monococcum genome and containing (GAA)56 microsatellite sequence. Up to four pTm30 sites located on 1AS, 5AS, 2AS, and 4AL chromosomes have been revealed in the wild diploid species, although most accessions contained one–two (GAA)n sites. The domesticated diploid species Triticum monococcum differs from the wild diploid species by almost complete lack of polymorphism in the distribution of (GAA)n site. Only one (GAA)n site in the 4AL chromosome has been found in Triticum monococcum. Among three wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) accessions we detected 4 conserved and 9 polymorphic (GAA)n sites in the A genome. The (GAA)n loci on chromosomes 2AS, 4AL, and 5AL found in of Triticum dicoccoides were retained in Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum. In species of the Timopheevi lineage, the only one, large (GAA)n site has been detected in the short arm of 6At chromosome. (GAA)n site observed in Triticum monococcum are undetectable in the Ab genome of Triticum zhukovskyi, this site could be eliminated over the course of amphiploidization, while the species was established. We also demonstrated that changes in the distribution of (GAA)n sequence on the A-genome chromosomes of diploid and polyploid wheats are associated with chromosomal rearrangements/ modifications, involving mainly the NOR (nucleolus organizer region)-bearing chromosomes, that took place during the evolution of wild and domesticated species.