Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 Multi-gene Analysis of Symbiodinium Dinoflagellates: a Perspective on Rarity, Symbiosis, and Evolution
Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 Multi-gene Analysis of Symbiodinium Dinoflagellates: a Perspective on Rarity, Symbiosis, and Evolution
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通讯作者：
X. Pochon;Pei-Yuan Qian;H. Putnam;R. Gates
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作者：
X. Pochon;Pei-Yuan Qian;H. Putnam;R. Gates
共生菌是一大类鞭毛藻，与海洋原生生物、无脊椎后生动物共生，自由生活在环境中。共生菌功能多变，在共生中起着重要的能量作用。我们对共生菌的认识一直受到有限数量的分子标记的限制，这些标记可用于研究该属的进化。在这里，我们比较了六个功能基因，代表三个细胞室，在九个已知的共生谱系。尽管来自不同细胞器的单基因系统发育有着惊人的相似性，但没有一个在进化上是相同的。然而，一个完全连接的重建，产生了一个与当前基准nr28S基因相同的分辨率良好的拓扑结构。在不同的细胞区室和分支中，进化速率不同，这种模式主要是由共生体分支D2和i的叶绿体基因的较高进化速率驱动的。在这些相对不常见的共生体谱系中，在功能关键的叶绿体中观察到的快速进化速率可能转化为共生的潜在创新。多基因分析强调了利用最新的测序技术评估全基因组进化模式的潜在力量，并强调了在评估这种神秘的鞭毛藻的进化适应性时，将生态数据与更全面的自由生活和共生共生共生样本结合起来的重要性。
Symbiodinium, a large group of dinoflagellates, live in symbiosis with marine pro-tists, invertebrate metazoans, and free-living in the environment. Symbiodinium are functionally variable and play critical energetic roles in symbiosis. Our knowledge of Symbiodinium has been historically constrained by the limited number of molecular markers available to study evolution in the genus. Here we compare six functional genes, representing three cellular compartments, in the nine known Symbiodinium lineages. Despite striking similarities among the single gene phylogenies from distinct organelles, none were evolutionarily identical. A fully concatenated reconstruction, however, yielded a well-resolved topology identical to the current benchmark nr28S gene. Evolutionary rates differed among cellular compartments and clades, a pattern largely driven by higher rates of evolution in the chloroplast genes of Symbiodinium clades D2 and I. The rapid rates of evolution observed amongst these relatively uncommon Symbiodinium lineages in the functionally critical chloroplast may translate into potential innovation for the symbiosis. The multi-gene analysis highlights the potential power of assessing genome-wide evolutionary patterns using recent advances in sequencing technology and emphasizes the importance of integrating ecological data with more comprehensive sampling of free-living and symbiotic Sym-biodinium in assessing the evolutionary adaptation of this enigmatic dinoflagellate.