Carbon Tariffs: Effects in Settings with Technology Choice and Foreign Production Cost Advantage
Carbon Tariffs: Effects in Settings with Technology Choice and Foreign Production Cost Advantage
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DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.1946256
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Drake
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文献类型：
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作者：
D. Drake
今天的排放监管是不统一的，一些地区在其境内征收碳成本，而其他许多地区则没有。这引起了对碳泄漏的担忧-离岸外包和外国进入，以应对碳成本的区域不对称。人们普遍认为，碳泄漏将导致全球排放量增加，破坏排放监管的意图。人们还普遍认为，碳关税--对从一个不受管制的地区进口到一个受碳成本影响的地区的商品征收的碳税--将消除这种泄漏。这里的结果与这些信念形成对比。本文表明，尽管有碳关税，碳泄漏仍会出现，但当它出现时，它会在实际环境中减少排放。部分由于这种清洁泄漏，征收碳关税被证明可以减少全球排放。另一方面，由于碳关税，国内企业的利润可能增加、减少或保持不变。因此，碳关税的总体好处并不像一些人所说的那样，是伪装成气候政策的保护主义。相反，碳关税提高了排放监管的效率，使排放价格能够在许多情况下用于减少全球排放，否则它将无法这样做。
Emissions regulation today is non-uniform, with some regions imposing carbon costs within their borders while many others do not. This gives rise to concerns over carbon leakage ― offshoring and foreign entry in response to regional asymmetry in carbon costs. It is widely believed that carbon leakage would result in increased global emissions, undermining the intent of emissions regulation. It is also widely believed that carbon tariffs ― carbon taxes imposed on goods imported from an unregulated region to a region subject to carbon costs ― would eliminate this leakage. Results here contrast these beliefs. This paper demonstrates that carbon leakage can arise despite a carbon tariff but, when it does, it decreases emissions in practical settings. Due in part to this clean leakage, imposing a carbon tariff is shown to decrease global emissions. Domestic firm profits, on the other hand, can increase, decrease, or remain unchanged due to a carbon tariff. Therefore a carbon tariff's general benefit is not protectionism disguised as climate policy, as some argue. Rather, a carbon tariff improves the efficacy of emissions regulation, enabling emissions price to be used to reduce global emissions in many settings in which it would otherwise fail to do so.