Laboratory procedures for characterizing manure phosphorus
Laboratory procedures for characterizing manure phosphorus
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020019x
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ferguson, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dou, Z;Toth, JD;Ferguson, JD
农田磷径流加速了地表沃茨的富营养化。在集约化畜牧业地区，由于粪肥中可溶性磷浓度高，施过肥料的农田中磷的流失可能会升高。我们的特点是P在奶牛和家禽粪便中的相对溶解度和分数分布使用去离子水（H2O），0.5 M碳酸氢钠，0.1 M氢氧化钠，1.0 M盐酸，和5%的三氯乙酸（TCA）。两个提取程序进行了测试：（一）独立的，干燥，地面样品反复提取和P测量每个提取剂;和（ii）顺序，每个样品反复提取的水，碳酸氢钠，氢氧化钠和盐酸，在该顺序。对于独立的程序，H2O提取53 - 64%，NaHCO 3 64 - 72%，NaOH 33 - 54%，HCl 90 - 97%，TCA 84 - 96%的粪肥中的总P。依次，水，碳酸氢钠，氢氧化钠和盐酸提取70，14，6，和5%的总P在乳制品中，和49，19，5，和25%的总P在家禽样品中，分别。肥料磷的释放没有很大的影响，振荡时间，但随着重复提取次数的增加而迅速下降。粪肥中的大部分P可通过H2O或NaHCO 3提取，表明P的结合能较弱，因此当条件有利于径流时，对沃茨损失的敏感性较高。用H2O摇动粪肥1小时可以快速测量最敏感的P的相对大小。进一步的调查与肥料磷组分与径流中的磷将有助于确定减少磷流失的管理替代方案。
Phosphorus runoff from agricultural land contributes to accelerated eutrophication of surface waters. In areas with intensive animal farming, P loss from manured fields may be elevated due to high concentrations of soluble P in manure. We characterized P in dairy and poultry manure for the relative dissolution and fraction distribution using deionized water (H2O), 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, 1.0 M HCl, and 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Two extraction procedures were tested: (i) independent, with dried, ground samples being extracted repeatedly and P measured for each extractant; and (ii) sequential, with each sample being repeatedly extracted by H2O, NaHCO3, NaOH, and HCl, in that order. For the independent procedure, H2O extracted 53 to 64%, NaHCO3 64 to 72%, NaOH 33 to 54%, HCl 90 to 97%, and TCA 84 to 96% of the total P in manure. Sequentially, H2O, NaHCO3, NaOH, and HCl extracted 70, 14, 6, and 5% of the total P in the dairy, and 49, 19, 5, and 25% of the total P in the poultry sample, respectively. Manure P release was not greatly affected by shaking time but decreased rapidly with increasing number of repeated extractions. A large portion of P in manure being extractable by H2O or NaHCO3 suggests weak binding energy of P and hence a high susceptibility for loss to waters when conditions favor runoff. A l-h shaking of manure with H2O may provide a quick measure of the relative magnitude of P that is most susceptible. Further investigation relating manure P fractions with P in runoff would help identify management alternatives for reduced P losses.