The pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights
The pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2009787117
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发表时间：
2020-11-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Haselton, Martie G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Seitz, Benjamin M.;Aktipis, Athena;Haselton, Martie G.
人类和病毒已经共同进化了几千年。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2，导致COVID-19的病毒）在逃避我们进化的防御方面特别成功。结果是悲惨的在地球仪上，数百万人患病，数十万人死亡。此外，隔离从根本上改变了我们的生活结构，其破坏性的社会和经济后果可能会持续多年。从进化的角度来看，可以帮助我们理解这一流行病的发展和后果。在这里，一群拥有从进化医学到文化进化等专业知识的多元化科学家，提供了关于大流行及其后果的见解。在最细粒度的层面上，我们考虑病毒如何影响社会行为，以及具有讽刺意味的是，由于缺乏微生物暴露，隔离如何使我们容易感染其他疾病。在心理层面，我们描述了大流行病影响交配行为、合作（或缺乏合作）和性别规范的方式，以及我们如何利用厌恶更好地激活原生的“行为免疫”来对抗疾病传播。在文化层面，我们描述了不断变化的文化规范，以及我们如何利用这些规范来更好地防治疾病和这一流行病的负面社会后果。这些见解可以用来制定解决这一流行病所产生的问题的办法，并为科学议程奠定基础，以捕捉和理解实际上已经成为世界范围的社会实验。
Humans and viruses have been coevolving for millennia. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19) has been particularly successful in evading our evolved defenses. The outcome has been tragic-across the globe, millions have been sickened and hundreds of thousands have died. Moreover, the quarantine has radically changed the structure of our lives, with devastating social and economic consequences that are likely to unfold for years. An evolutionary perspective can help us understand the progression and consequences of the pandemic. Here, a diverse group of scientists, with expertise from evolutionary medicine to cultural evolution, provide insights about the pandemic and its aftermath. At the most granular level, we consider how viruses might affect social behavior, and how quarantine, ironically, could make us susceptible to other maladies, due to a lack of microbial exposure. At the psychological level, we describe the ways in which the pandemic can affect mating behavior, cooperation (or the lack thereof), and gender norms, and how we can use disgust to better activate native "behavioral immunity" to combat disease spread. At the cultural level, we describe shifting cultural norms and how we might harness them to better combat disease and the negative social consequences of the pandemic. These insights can be used to craft solutions to problems produced by the pandemic and to lay the groundwork for a scientific agenda to capture and understand what has become, in effect, a worldwide social experiment.