Ethical and Social Perspectives of Risk Assessment, Management, and Communication in Radiological Protection and Chemical Safety
Ethical and Social Perspectives of Risk Assessment, Management, and Communication in Radiological Protection and Chemical Safety
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放射防护和化学品安全风险评估、管理和沟通的伦理和社会视角
DOI：
10.11447/jjra.r-22-008
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Michiaki Kai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michio Murakami;Takashi Nagai;Michiaki Kai
涉及风险评估、管理和沟通的风险分析方法已在辐射防护、食品安全和环境科学领域独立发展。总结这些领域的风险分析方法的共性和差异可能有助于更新未来的风险分析。因此，本文通过介绍风险概念和各种风险指标的产生，以及风险管理和评估的历史发展，总结了风险评估、管理和沟通的多方面观点，并结合实际应用实例。特别是，审查社会心理方面的关系，道德和规范观点的重要性，以及与利益相关者对话的作用是有帮助的。根据这些审查，我们注意到，在比较不同类型的风险事件时，理解和应用跨领域的风险指标是必要的。此外，我们提到，考虑到平等主义和最大最小原则的风险评估的应用将变得更加重要，在未来的时候，强调考虑道德和规范的角度，根据社会背景和需要从外地。然后，我们讨论的挑战和需要更新规划和危机管理的风险分析。我们认为，将与利益相关者的合作，可以导致道德和社会可接受的风险评估，管理和沟通。
Risk analysis approaches involving risk assessment, management, and communication have been developed independently in radiological protection, food safety, and environmental sciences. Summarizing the commonalities and differences in risk analysis methodologies in these fields may contribute to updating future risk analysis. Therefore, this review summarizes the multifaceted perspectives of risk assessment, management, and communication, with actual application examples, by introducing the birth of risk concepts and various risk indicators, and the historical development of risk management and assessment. Particularly, reviewing the relationship of socio-psychological aspects, the importance of ethical and normative perspectives, and the role of dialog with stakeholders is helpful. Based on these reviews, we note that understanding and applying risk indicators across fields is necessary in comparing different types of risk events. Furthermore, we mention that the application of risk assessment that considers egalitarianism and maximin principles will become more important in the future when emphasizing the consideration of ethical and normative perspectives in accordance with the social context and needs from the field. We then discuss the challenges and the need to update the risk analysis for planning and crisis management. We argue that incorporating collaboration with stakeholders can lead to ethically and socially acceptable risk assessment, management and communication.