Division of labour in the honeybee community
Division of labour in the honeybee community
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蜜蜂群落的分工
DOI：
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发表时间：
1952
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. R. Ribbands
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. R. Ribbands
新出现的蜜蜂在一个殖民地单独标记，和他们的觅食活动进行了研究，随后在蜂巢入口处的观察。少数个体在整个觅食过程中收集花粉;相当多的个体根本不收集花粉。大多数蜜蜂在某个时候采集花粉，但在发生这种情况的觅食生活中有很大的多样性。同一天出现并生活在同一个蜂群中的不同蜜蜂开始觅食的年龄有很大差异;这个年龄从9天到35天不等。这种变化不仅是通过改变各种蜂群职责的持续时间产生的，而且还通过省略其中一些职责产生的。这种差异表明，劳动分工不是由可用工人的年龄决定的。相反，它受到殖民地要求的控制。殖民地中蜜蜂的年龄起着辅助作用，因为任何个体的职责都是殖民地的要求和该个体年龄的结果。殖民地的需求是由它的食物供应决定的，并且由于广泛的食物传播，个体对它们的需求是满意的。因此，食物传播是蜜蜂群体中最原始和最重要的通讯方式。觅食生活的持续时间显着较短的蜜蜂开始觅食在较晚的年龄。这一结果表明，衰老在决定这些蜜蜂的寿命方面发挥了作用。
Newly emerged bees in a colony were individually marked, and their foraging activities were studied by subsequent observations at the hive entrance. A few individuals gathered pollen throughout their foraging lives; a considerable number gathered none at all. Most of the bees gathered pollen at some time, but there was great diversity in the part of the foraging life at which this occurred. There was considerable variation in the age at which different bees, emerging on the same day and living in the same colony, commenced foraging; this age ranged from 9 to 35 days. This variation was produced not only by altering the duration of the various hive duties, but also by omitting some of these duties. Such variation indicates that the division of labour is not determined by the age of the available workers. It is controlled, instead, by the requirements of the colony. The ages of the bees in the colony play a subsidiary role, in that the duties of any individual are the resultant of the requirements of the colony and age of that individual. The requirements of the colony are determined by its food supply, and they are appreciated by the individual as a consequence of widespread food transmission. Food transmission is therefore the most primitive and the most important method of communication in the honeybee colony. The duration of foraging life was significantly shorter in those bees which commenced foraging at a later age. This result indicates that senility played a part in determining the longevity of these bees.