Fertility and abortion rates in the United States, 1960-2002
Fertility and abortion rates in the United States, 1960-2002
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00638.x
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ventura, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hamilton, BE;Ventura, SJ
本文概述了1960年至2002年美国出生、生育和堕胎数据的趋势。还讨论了按年龄、种族和西班牙裔的比率。本文中提供的数据主要来自美国政府疾病控制和预防中心国家卫生统计中心发表的报告。2002年，美国有4021726名新生儿。一般生育率为每1 000名15-44岁妇女生育64.8个子女，总和生育率为每1 000名妇女生育2 013.0个子女，净生殖率为每1 000名妇女生育968个女儿。自1960年以来，美国的这些利率一直在下降，所有利率至少下降了44%。虽然这些比率一直在下降，但按年龄、种族和西班牙裔分列的生育模式有很大差异。1980年至2002年，30岁及以上妇女的死亡率有所上升。相反，25岁以下妇女的失业率在1980年代后期大幅上升，但自1991年以来又急剧下降。在这一时期（1980-2002年），20多岁（25-29岁）的妇女，即主要的生育年龄，其死亡率一直在一个狭窄的范围内波动。由于年龄较大妇女生育的增加，从1968年到2002年，母亲初次生育的平均年龄增加了近4岁。2000年，即有数据的最近一年，每1 000名15-44岁妇女中有21.3例人工流产，比1990年的27.4例有所下降。2000年，总堕胎率，即假设的1 000名妇女中合法人工流产的平均数量，为每1 000名妇女672.0例堕胎，低于1980年的785.5例。自1980年以来，堕胎率稳步下降。与出生率和生育率一样，堕胎率也因年龄、种族和西班牙裔而存在巨大差异。1980年至2000年期间，30多岁妇女的人工流产率有所上升，而25岁以下妇女和40岁及以上妇女的人工流产率自1980年以来有所下降。25-29岁妇女的比率变化不大。2000年，非西班牙裔黑人妇女的人工流产率（57.4%）大大高于非西班牙裔白色妇女（11.7%）。西班牙裔妇女的比率（30.6）居中。非西班牙裔黑人妇女的总堕胎率也远远高于非西班牙裔白色和西班牙裔妇女。
This paper provides a general overview of trends in the United States (US) birth, fertility and abortion data from 1960 to 2002. Rates by age, race and Hispanic origin are also discussed. Data presented in this paper are derived primarily from published reports of the US government's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. In 2002, there were 4 021 726 births in the US. The general fertility rate was 64.8 births per 1000 women aged 15-44 years, the total fertility rate was 2013.0 children per 1000 women, and the net reproduction rate was 968 daughters per 1000 women. These rates have declined in the US since 1960, down by at least 44% for all rates. While these rates have been declining, there are substantial differences in fertility patterns by age and race and Hispanic origin. Rates for women, 30 years of age and over, increased between 1980 and 2002. In contrast, rates for women under 25 years of age rose considerably during the late 1980s, and then decreased sharply since 1991. Rates for women in their late twenties (25-29 years of age), the principal childbearing ages, have fluctuated within a narrow range throughout this period (1980-2002). As a result of the increase in births to older women, the mean age of mother at first birth increased by nearly 4 years from 1968 to 2002. In 2000, the latest year for which data are available, there were 21.3 induced abortions per 1000 women aged 15-44 years, down from 27.4 in 1990. The total abortion rate, average number of legally induced abortions that would occur to a hypothetical cohort of 1000 women, was 672.0 abortions per 1000 women in 2000, down from 785.5 in 1980. The abortion rate has declined fairly steadily since 1980. Like the birth and fertility rates, substantial differences in abortion rates exist by age and race and Hispanic origin. The rates of induced abortion increased for women in their thirties between 1980 and 2000, whereas rates for women under 25 years of age and women 40 years of age and over decreased since 1980. The rate for women 25-29 years of age changed little. The rate of induced abortion was considerably higher for non-Hispanic black women (57.4) in 2000 than for non-Hispanic white women (11.7). The rate for Hispanic women (30.6) was intermediate. The total abortion rate was also much higher for non-Hispanic black women than non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women.