Attention and memory for faces and actions in infancy: The salience of actions over faces in dynamic events
Attention and memory for faces and actions in infancy: The salience of actions over faces in dynamic events
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.00495
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ruiz, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bahrick, LE;Gogate, LJ;Ruiz, I
对5.5月龄婴儿进行不同活动的视频片的辨别和记忆能力进行了研究。在实验1中，婴儿(N=24)熟悉三个重复活动(吹泡泡、刷头和刷牙)之一的三个女性中的一个。总体而言，结果显示，在延迟1分钟和7周后，人们对动作的辨别和记忆能力较强，但对面部表情的辨别力和记忆力却没有。记忆表现为在延迟1分钟后对新动作的视觉偏好，以及在7周延迟后对熟悉动作的视觉偏好，重复了先前的发现，即偏好随着保留时间的变化而变化。实验2(N=12)显示了当婴儿在延迟1分钟时以静态姿势呈现时对面孔的辨别和记忆，而不是7周延迟时。在实验3(N=18)中，重复了对动作的辨别，但没有发现动作中嵌入的物体(发刷、泡泡棒、牙刷)之间的辨别。这些发现表明，在5.5个月大的动态事件中，动作对面孔的注意突显。他们强调了婴儿期研究中由运动和静态展示产生的结果之间的差异，并强调了使用动态事件作为概括对现实世界中事件的感知和记忆的基础的重要性。
Discrimination and memory for video films of women performing different activities was investigated in 5.5 month-old infants. In Experiment 1, infants (N = 24) were familiarized to the faces of one of three women performing one of three repetitive activities (blowing bubbles, brushing hair, and brushing teeth). Overall, results indicated discrimination and memory for the actions but not the faces after both a 1-min and a 7-week delay. Memory was demonstrated by a visual preference for the novel actions after the 1-min delay and for the familiar actions after the 7-week delay, replicating prior findings that preferences shift as a function of retention time. Experiment 2 (N = 12) demonstrated discrimination and memory for the faces when infants were presented in static poses at the 1-min delay, but not the 7-week delay. In Experiment 3 (N = 18), discrimination of the actions was replicated, but no discrimination among the objects embedded in the actions (hairbrush, bubble wand, toothbrush) was found. These findings demonstrate the attentional salience of actions over faces in dynamic events to 5.5 month-olds. They highlight the disparity between results generated from moving versus static displays in infancy research and emphasize the importance of using dynamic events as a basis for generalizing about perception and memory for events in the real world.