Effect of Rainfall and Temperature on Perithecium Production of Botryosphaeria dothidea on Cankered Apple Branches.
Effect of Rainfall and Temperature on Perithecium Production of Botryosphaeria dothidea on Cankered Apple Branches.
复制标题
降雨和温度对腐烂苹果枝上葡萄球菌子囊壳产量的影响。
DOI：
10.1094/phyto-07-20-0262-r
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Xue DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xue DS
葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）是一种在世界范围内引起苹果树溃疡病、枯梢病和果腐病的病原真菌。子囊孢子是我国葡萄座腔菌溃疡病的重要菌源。在控制和自然条件下进行实验，以研究与环境条件有关的子囊壳形成。围石湾在自然条件下，除7月份外，在整个生长季节和包括8月份在内的某些年份，腐烂病斑上均检测到dothidea。在新形成的溃疡病损上，早在降雨后约1周的8月就检测到第一个子囊壳。围石层依次成熟，持续时间为8月上旬至次年6月，高峰期在9月下旬或10月上旬。温度和降雨量是影响子囊壳形成的两个关键环境因子。在受控条件下，仅在20和25°C的测试温度下培养的腐烂枝条上产生腐皮，每周用>3天的模拟降雨润湿。溃疡病斑上产生的周皮数随降雨历时的增加而增加。溃疡病苗暴露于降雨仅在6月，7月和8月，但不是在9月形成围石层。在我国苹果主产区，每周>3天的降雨量可用于预测苹果黑星病的初期形成，以辅助病害防治。
Botryosphaeria dothideais a fungal pathogen causing canker, dieback, and fruit rot of apple trees worldwide. Ascospores are an important source of inoculum of Botryosphaeria canker in China. Experiments were conducted under both controlled and natural conditions to study perithecium formation in relation to environmental conditions. Perithecia ofB. dothideawere detected on cankered lesions throughout the apple growing season except in July and in some years including August under natural conditions. On newly formed canker lesions, the first perithecium was detected as early as August, about 1 week after rainfall. Perithecia matured successively, lasting from early August to June of the next year, with a peak in late September or early October. Temperature and rainfall are two key environmental factors affecting perithecium formation. Under controlled conditions, perithecia were produced only on cankered shoots incubated at test temperatures of 20 and 25°C and wetted by >3 days of simulated rainfall per week. The number of perithecia produced on canker lesions increased with the increase in rainfall duration. Perithecia were formed on canker shoots exposed to rainfall only in June, July, and August but not in September. Rainfall of >3 days per week can be used to predict the initial formation of perithecia in the main apple production areas in China to assist disease management.