Replacement stones for Lede stone in Belgian historical monuments
Replacement stones for Lede stone in Belgian historical monuments
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DOI：
10.1144/sp391.9
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cnudde, Veerle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Kock, Tim;Dewanckele, Jan;Cnudde, Veerle
勒德石(路德，始新世)是比利时西北部使用的一种重要的历史建筑石材。在根特，它在后罗马式建筑文化遗产中占据主导地位。它的使用受到社会经济限制的几次限制。由于采石和生产从17世纪开始停止，定期的复兴倾向于使用Lede石材建造新的建筑和修复项目。硫化作用是莱德石的主要威胁，因为黑色结壳是这种砂质石灰岩上最常见的退化现象。大约在19世纪初，比利时的戈贝坦奇石是使用最广泛的替代材料。在整个二十世纪，替代材料的使用转向了法国石灰岩。然而，它们的颜色、质地和岩石物理性质与Lede石不同，Lede石的自然黄褐色是非常典型的特征。为了解决这一主要的美学问题，在21世纪，几种新的石头类型被用来替代石头，同时也有许多其他类型的石头被提出。然而，仍然很难找到一块与Lede石头的视觉和岩石物理特性相匹配的替代石头。自2011年以来，剩余的一个Lede石材采石场增加了活动，提供了使用新Lede石材作为替代石材的机会。
The Lede stone (Lutetian, Eocene) is an important historic building stone used in the NW of Belgium. In Ghent, it is dominant in the post-Romanesque built cultural heritage. Its use was restricted several times by socio-economic constraints. Since quarrying and production started to cease from the seventeenth century, periodic revivals favoured the use of Lede stone for new buildings and restoration projects. Sulphation is the main threat for the Lede stone as black crusts are the most common degradation phenomena on this arenaceous limestone. Around the turn of the nineteenth century, the Belgian Gobertange stone was the most widely used replacement material. Throughout the twentieth century, the use of replacement material shifted towards French limestones. However, their colour, texture and petrophysical properties differ from the Lede stone, for which a natural yellow-brown patina is very characteristic. In order to solve this mainly aesthetic issue, several new stone types are used as replacement stone in the twenty-first century, while many others have been suggested. It remains, however, difficult to find a replacement stone that matches the visual and petrophysical properties of the Lede stone. One remaining Lede stone quarry pit has increased its activity since 2011, offering the opportunity to use new Lede stone as replacement stone.