Beyond Repression of Photomorphogenesis: Role Switching of Cop/det/fus in Light Signaling This Review Comes from a Themed Issue on Cell Signalling and Gene Regulation Cop/det/fus: a Historical Remark
Beyond Repression of Photomorphogenesis: Role Switching of Cop/det/fus in Light Signaling This Review Comes from a Themed Issue on Cell Signalling and Gene Regulation Cop/det/fus: a Historical Remark
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Xi Huang;X. Ouyang;X. Deng;X. Deng;Wang;Xiangdong Fu;J. Kyozuka
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作者：
Xi Huang;X. Ouyang;X. Deng;X. Deng;Wang;Xiangdong Fu;J. Kyozuka
光是促进植物光形态建成的重要环境刺激。在过去的20年里，在确定光形态发生的中心阻遏物，即组成性光形态发生/脱乙酰化/ Fusca（COP/DET/FUS）基因座方面取得了实质性进展。COP/DET/ FUS蛋白是一种高度保守的蛋白质，在动植物中调节着多种生物学过程。这些蛋白质通过调节泛素-蛋白酶体依赖的途径来抑制植物光形态建成的事实已经得到很好的证实。最近，分子洞察已经获得了COP/DET/FUS的功能多样性。本文综述了COP/DET/FUS在光形态建成中的作用，重点介绍了COP 1在光形态建成中的功能转换。除了作为光合作用的能量来源，光也作为一种信息刺激，触发植物的光形态发育。光形态建成的物理表现包括发育短的下胚轴、开放和展开的子叶以及绿色叶绿体。拟南芥幼苗长期以来一直被用作高等植物光形态建成的遗传和分子研究的模式系统。在光形态建成的过程中，光信号被多个光感受器感知，并被一系列信号传导中间因子解释为下游转导。组成型光形态发生/脱乙酰化/ Fusca（COP/DET/FUS）蛋白由于参与光形态发生促进因子的降解，被广泛认为是光信号的中心阻遏物。在这里，我们提供了一个更新的我们目前的理解COP 1为中心的COP/DET/FUS功能超出了传统的光形态建成触发的远红光，红光和蓝光。最近的研究还提出了新的概念，即COP 10-DET 1-受损DNA结合蛋白1（DDB 1）（CDD）和COP 9信号体（CSN）复合物作为转录调节因子。然而，由于本文篇幅有限，鼓励对CDD和CSN综合体感兴趣的读者查阅以下优秀评论[1-3]。COP/DET/FUS是一组在拟南芥中首次发现的多效基因，是光调控发育的中心阻遏物。COP/DET/FUS中的隐性突变已被证明不仅导致黑暗中的组成型光形态建成[4，5]，而且还导致植物和动物的各种发育缺陷[1，4 -6]。发现9个COP/DET/FUS基因座编码COP 1、DET 1、COP 10和CSN亚基1-4、7和8。所有这些蛋白质都是三种生物化学实体的组成部分：COP 1-PHYA-105（SPA）复合物，CDD复合物和CSN复合物（图1）。这些复合体在功能上通过...
Light is a pivotal environmental stimulus that promotes plant photomorphogenesis. Substantial progress has been achieved in defining the central repressors of photomorphogenesis, the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC/DE-ETIOLATED/ FUSCA (COP/DET/FUS) loci, in the past 20 years. COP/DET/ FUS proteins are well-conserved, and regulate a variety of biological processes in plants and animals. The fact that these proteins contribute to the repression of plant photomorphogenesis by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway has been well established. Recently, molecular insight has been gained into the functional diversity of COP/DET/FUS. Here, we review the current research on the roles of COP/DET/FUS, with a focus on the functional conversion of COP1 in photomorphogenesis. Introduction In addition to functioning as a source of energy for photosynthesis, light also acts as an informational stimulus that triggers photomorphogenic development in plants. The physical manifestation of photomorpho-genesis includes the development of short hypocotyls, open and expanded cotyledons, and green chloroplasts. Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings have long been employed as a model system for genetic and molecular studies of photomorphogenesis in higher plants. Over the course of photomorphogenesis, light signals are perceived by multiple photoreceptors, and interpreted by a series of signaling intermediate factors for downstream transduction. Due to their regulatory involvement in the degradation of photomorphogenesis-promoting factors, CONSTITU-TIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC/DE-ETIOLATED/ FUSCA (COP/DET/FUS) proteins have been widely recognized as the central repressors of light signaling. Here, we provide an update of our current understanding of the COP1-centered COP/DET/FUS functions beyond the traditional photomorphogenesis triggered by far-red, red and blue light. Recent studies have also raised the novel concept that the COP10-DET1-DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1) (CDD) and COP9 sig-nalosome (CSN) complexes behave as regulators of transcription. Owing to the space limitations of this piece, however, readers interested in the CDD and CSN complexes are encouraged to consult the following excellent reviews [1–3]. COP/DET/FUS are a group of pleiotropic genes that were first identified and characterized as central repressors of light-regulated development in Arabidopsis. Recessive mutations in COP/DET/FUS have been shown not only to result in constitutive photomorphogenesis in darkness [4,5], but also to lead to a variety of developmental defects in plants and animals [1,4–6]. Nine of the COP/DET/FUS loci were found to encode COP1, DET1, COP10, and CSN subunits 1–4, 7, and 8. All of these proteins are constituents of three biochemical entities: the COP1-SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) complex, the CDD complex, and the CSN complex (Figure 1). These complexes are functionally connected by …