The impact of atmospheric ammonia and temperature on growth and nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat
The impact of atmospheric ammonia and temperature on growth and nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat
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发表时间：
1997-05
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
J. Clement;J. Loorbach;J. Meijer;P. Hasselt;G. Stulen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Clement;J. Loorbach;J. Meijer;P. Hasselt;G. Stulen
大气氨与低、中生长温度相结合对冬小麦植株生长和氮代谢的影响。城市)进行了调查。将植株分别暴露于0、1000和2000 nl (-1) NH3环境中，在中等昼夜温度（18.5/15℃）下暴露1周，然后在低温（4/3℃）下暴露1周。在中等温度下，1000 nl（-1）的NH3暴露导致蛋白质含量增加，但游离铵、氨基酸和总氮含量不受影响。2000 nl (-1) NH3处理显著提高了植株的氨基酸、蛋白质含量和总氮含量，但未显著提高游离铵含量。暴露于1000 nl l(-1) NH3和2000 nl l(-1) NH3后，根系对硝态氮的净吸收率分别下降了21%和34%。大气氨对生物量、碳水化合物和硝酸盐含量影响不显著。将温度降低到4/3摄氏度会抑制生长。在1000和2000 nl l(-1) NH3处理下，植株的铵态氮、氨基酸和总氮均有积累，而蛋白质含量没有增加。在中等温度下，冬小麦代谢大气氨，并通过减少根系对硝酸盐的吸收来抵消叶片输入的额外氮。在低温下，氨的完全掺入减少，导致铵和氨基酸含量增加。然而，这种氮代谢的紊乱并没有导致任何直接的毒性作用。综上所述，即使在不利的生长条件下，冬小麦也能耐受高浓度的大气氨。
The effect of atmospheric ammonia in combination with low and moderate growth temperature on growth and nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Urban) was investigated. Plants were exposed to 0, 1000 and 2000 nl l(-1) NH3 for 1 week at moderate day/night temperatures (18.5/15 degrees C) and subsequently for I week at low temperatures (4/3 degrees C). At moderate temperatures, NH3 exposure at 1000 nl l(-1) lead to an increase in protein content, but free ammonium, amino acid and total nitrogen content were not affected. Exposure to 2000 nl l(-1) NH3 resulted in a significantly higher amino acid, protein content and total nitrogen content, while free ammonium content was not increased. Net nitrate uptake rate by the roots was decreased by 21% and 34% upon exposure to 1000 and 2000 nl l(-1) NH3 respectively. Atmospheric ammonia did not affect biomass, carbohydrates or nitrate content significantly. Lowering the temperature to 4/3 degrees C resulted in an inhibition of growth. Ammonium, amino acids, and total nitrogen accumulated in plants exposed to 1000 and 2000 nl l(-1) NH3, while protein content was not increased at this temperature. At moderate temperatures winter wheat metabolized the atmospheric ammonia and counteracted the extra N input via the leaves by a reduction of the nitrate uptake by the roots. At low temperatures, the complete incorporation of ammonia was reduced, resulting in an increased ammonium and amino acid content. However, this disturbance of the nitrogen metabolism did not lead to any direct toxic effects. It was concluded that winter wheat is tolerant to high atmospheric ammonia concentrations, even under unfavourable growth conditions.