ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF REFLEX DEGLUTITION
ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF REFLEX DEGLUTITION
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1956.19.1.44
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发表时间：
1956-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
BOSMA, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DOTY, RW;BOSMA, JF
观察了猴、猫和狗口、咽、喉区22块肌肉的吞咽活动肌电图。虽然这些可以识别的运动单位似乎从一次吞咽到下一次吞咽时发出一种不可预测的随机模式，但参与肌肉之间的兴奋和抑制的总体时间表是高度恒定的。不同方法诱发的吞咽反应在时间模式、持续时间和幅度上无差异。由上级缩肌、腭咽肌、腭舌肌、舌后内在肌、茎突舌肌、茎突舌骨肌、颏舌骨肌和下颌舌骨肌组成的“引导复合体”同时发射250-500毫秒以启动该动作。其他肌肉，如中缩肌，甲状舌骨肌和甲杓肌，在发病时受到抑制，在不同的延迟后变得活跃。下缩肌的活动被推迟，直到前肌的活动接近结束。除了喉部肌肉之外，没有太大的物种差异。猫和狗的胸骨甲状肌、胸骨舌骨肌、舌前固有肌和二腹肌在吞咽时是沉默的，但参与其他协同作用，如舔、咀嚼和呕吐。普鲁卡因化，拉伸或横断各种参与肌肉，可卡因化的咽，士的宁，麻醉剂或中度窒息的管理都未能影响吞咽模式的实质性改变。肌电图的证据是不相容的神经协调系统需要持续的传入调节或运动核之间的侧链。
The electromyographic pattern of activity of deglutition was observed in 22 muscles in the area of mouth, pharynx, and larynx of monkey, cat, and dog. While such motor units as could be identified seemed to fire an unpredictable and random pattern from one swallow to the next, the over-all schedule of excitation and inhibition among participating muscles was highly constant. No difference in temporal pattern, duration or amplitude were found in swallows evoked by various means. A "leading complex," consisting of superior constrictor, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, posterior intrinsic muscles of the tongue, styloglossus, stylohyoideus, geniohyoideus, and mylohyoideus, fire concurrently for 250-500 msec to initiate the act. Other muscles, such as middle constrictor, thyrohyoideus and thyroarytenoideus, are inhibited at the onset, becoming active after varying delays. Action in the inferior constrictor is deferred until leading muscle action is nearly over. There is no great species variation save in muscles of the larynx. Sternothyroideus, sternohyoideus, intrinsic muscles of the anterior tongue and digastricus of cat and dog are silent in deglutition but participate in other synergies such as licking, chewing, and emesis. Procainization, stretch or transection of various participating muscles, cocainization of the pharynx, and administration of strychnine, anesthetics or moderate asphyxia all failed to effect substantial alteration of the pattern of deglutition. Electromyographic evidence is incompatible with a neural coordinating system requiring continued afferent regulation or collateral linkages between motor nuclei.