Vision, Perception, and Attention through the Lens of Microsaccades: Mechanisms and Implications.
Vision, Perception, and Attention through the Lens of Microsaccades: Mechanisms and Implications.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2015.00167
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Tian X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hafed ZM;Chen CY;Tian X
微扫视是小的扫视。神经生理学上，微跳视是使用与较大跳视类似的脑干机制产生的。这表明伴随大扫视的视觉中的扫视周围变化也可能预期伴随微扫视。在这篇评论中，我们强调了最近的证据证明这一点。微扫视不仅与被抑制的视觉灵敏度和感知相关联，如在扫视抑制现象中，而且它们还与被扭曲的空间表示相关联，如在扫视压缩现象中，以及与运动前响应增益增强相关联，如在扫视前注意现象中。令人惊讶的是，视觉中的周围微扫视变化的影响是深远的，无论是在相对于运动开始的时间，以及相对于运动大小的空间范围。微扫视之前~100 ms和之后~100 ms的时间段表现出神经元活动和行为的显著变化，并且这种变化发生在比微扫视本身所针对的偏心率大得多的偏心率处。由于微扫视发生在实验强制固定，这些影响产生需要考虑微扫视的影响时，解释各种实验的视觉，知觉和认知清醒，行为主体。迄今为止，这一观点最明显的例子是关于微扫视和隐蔽视觉注意之间的联系。最近的研究结果表明，周围微跳变化的视觉起着显着的作用，在神经元和行为的签名的隐蔽视觉注意，以至于在至少一些注意线索范式，有非常紧密的同步之间的微跳和注意效应的出现。就像大的眼跳一样，微眼跳是真正的运动输出，即使在与明显运动产生本身无关的知觉和认知实验中，它们的影响也是巨大的。
Microsaccades are small saccades. Neurophysiologically, microsaccades are generated using similar brainstem mechanisms as larger saccades. This suggests that peri-saccadic changes in vision that accompany large saccades might also be expected to accompany microsaccades. In this review, we highlight recent evidence demonstrating this. Microsaccades are not only associated with suppressed visual sensitivity and perception, as in the phenomenon of saccadic suppression, but they are also associated with distorted spatial representations, as in the phenomenon of saccadic compression, and pre-movement response gain enhancement, as in the phenomenon of pre-saccadic attention. Surprisingly, the impacts of peri-microsaccadic changes in vision are far reaching, both in time relative to movement onset as well as spatial extent relative to movement size. Periods of ~100 ms before and ~100 ms after microsaccades exhibit significant changes in neuronal activity and behavior, and this happens at eccentricities much larger than the eccentricities targeted by the microsaccades themselves. Because microsaccades occur during experiments enforcing fixation, these effects create a need to consider the impacts of microsaccades when interpreting a variety of experiments on vision, perception, and cognition using awake, behaving subjects. The clearest example of this idea to date has been on the links between microsaccades and covert visual attention. Recent results have demonstrated that peri-microsaccadic changes in vision play a significant role in both neuronal and behavioral signatures of covert visual attention, so much so that in at least some attentional cueing paradigms, there is very tight synchrony between microsaccades and the emergence of attentional effects. Just like large saccades, microsaccades are genuine motor outputs, and their impacts can be substantial even during perceptual and cognitive experiments not concerned with overt motor generation per se.