Genetic Variation in Sexual Size Dimorphism Is Associated with Variation in Sex-Specific Plasticity in Drosophila
Genetic Variation in Sexual Size Dimorphism Is Associated with Variation in Sex-Specific Plasticity in Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1086/725420
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发表时间：
2023-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Shingleton，Alexander W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vea，Isabelle M.;Wilcox，Austin S.;Shingleton，Alexander W.
雌性和雄性之间的体型差异，或者说性别体型二态性（SSD），是普遍存在的，但我们对产生这种差异的发育遗传机制以及这些机制如何在物种内部和物种之间发生变化知之甚少。如果我们要评估 SSD 进化的替代模型，对 SSD 遗传结构的这种理解很重要，但遗传结构很难描述，因为 SSD 是群体而不是个体的特征。在这里，我们通过使用果蝇的同基因谱系测量 196 个基因型的 SSD 来克服这一挑战。我们证明了 SSD 存在广泛的遗传变异，这主要是由于女性体型的遗传变异水平高于男性。虽然我们观察到不同谱系中 SSD 随性别平均体型（性别汇集）而普遍增加，但 SSD 的大部分变异与性别平均体型无关，并且与性别特异性可塑性表现出很强的遗传相关性，因此女性偏向的 SSD 增加与女性体型可塑性增加相关。我们的数据与两性二态性的条件依赖性假说一致，并表明果蝇中的 SSD 是对调节体型可塑性的发育遗传机制进行选择的结果。
The difference in body size between females and males, or sexual size dimorphism (SSD), is ubiquitous, yet we have a poor understanding of the developmental genetic mechanisms that generate it and how these mechanisms may vary within and among species. Such an understanding of the genetic architecture of SSD is important if we are to evaluate alternative models of SSD evolution, but the genetic architecture is difficult to describe because SSD is a characteristic of populations, not individuals. Here, we overcome this challenge by using isogenic lineages ofDrosophilato measure SSD for 196 genotypes. We demonstrate extensive genetic variation for SSD, primarily driven by higher levels of genetic variation for body size among females than among males. While we observe a general increase in SSD with sex-averaged body size (pooling for sex) among lineages, most of the variation in SSD is independent of sex-averaged body size and shows a strong genetic correlation with sex-specific plasticity, such that increased female-biased SSD is associated with increased body size plasticity in females. Our data are consistent with the condition dependence hypothesis of sexual dimorphism and suggest that SSD inDrosophilais a consequence of selection on the developmental genetic mechanisms that regulate the plasticity of body size.