Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals
Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals
复制标题
DOI：
10.3354/meps266273
复制
发表时间：
2004-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
K. Sutherland;J. Porter;Cecilia Torres
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Sutherland;J. Porter;Cecilia Torres
自1990年代中期以来，珊瑚疾病在数量、受影响的物种和地理范围上都有所增加。迄今为止，在加勒比海和印度-太平洋地区已发现了18种珊瑚疾病，影响到至少150种石珊瑚、柳珊瑚和水螅虫虫黄藻。这些疾病与包括细菌、蓝细菌、真菌和原生生物的病原体以及包括海水温度升高、沉积、富营养化和污染的非生物应激源相关。18种珊瑚疾病中只有5种的病因是通过满足科赫假设确定的。珊瑚和其他无脊椎动物利用先天免疫机制，包括生理化学屏障以及针对病原体的细胞和体液防御。在这里，我们回顾所描述的珊瑚疾病，已知的病因，并努力确定未知的病因。我们定义疾病的术语，讨论科赫的假设的局限性，描述替代技术识别致病生物体，并审查珊瑚免疫学。
Since the mid-1990s, coral diseases have increased in number, species affected, and geographic extent. To date, 18 coral diseases, affecting at least 150 scleractinian, gorgonian, and hydrozoan zooxanthellate species, have been described from the Caribbean and the Indo-Pacific. These diseases are associated with pathogens including bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and protists and with abiotic stressors including elevated seawater temperature, sedimentation, eutrophication, and pollution. Etiologies of only 5 of the 18 coral diseases have been determined through fulfillment of Koch's postulates. Corals and other invertebrates utilize innate immune mechanisms including physiochemical barriers and cellular and humoral defenses against pathogens. Here we review the described coral diseases, known etiologies, and efforts to determine unknown etiologies. We define disease terms, discuss the limitations of Koch's postulates, describe alternative techniques for identifying disease-causing organisms, and review coral immunology.