Occurrence and removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals in an urban wastewater treatment plant: Mass balance, fate and consumption assessment
Occurrence and removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals in an urban wastewater treatment plant: Mass balance, fate and consumption assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.039
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
T. Thiebault;M. Boussafir;C. Milbeau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Thiebault;M. Boussafir;C. Milbeau
对城市污水处理厂(WWTP)进水和出水样品中15种药物活性化合物(PAC)的存在情况进行了评估。用气相色谱-质谱联用法对PAC进行定量。采样活动在夏季进行(n=13)，以评估在类似气候条件下进水浓度和去除效率的变化。在所选择的PAC中，所有的PAC都在进水样品中进行了定量，但其中两种没有系统地检测到，主要是因为定量限度较高。对乙酰氨基酚的最高检测浓度分别为μg、L−1、Lμg、−1。整个PAC池在跟踪期间的平均质量平衡在进水和出水中分别为448.5和26.3g/d−-1。然而，不同样品的去除效率不同(例如，双氯芬酸的−在20%到50%之间)。因此，PAC在水处理过程中的命运通常取决于去除质量，突出表现为对氮或BOD5的去除。因此，与用来正确评估采样污水处理厂周围人口的消费行为的进水浓度不同，出水浓度是可变的。尽管同类型污水处理厂的每日质量负荷与欧洲其他研究中发现的相当，但估计的消耗量有时与理论消耗量有很大差异。这些差异取决于消费模式，即治疗类别是治疗慢性疾病还是间歇性疾病，以及估计浓度和理论浓度之间的规模差距。
The occurrence of 15 pharmaceutically active compounds (PACs) in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was assessed in both influent and effluent samples. PACs were quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The sampling campaign was carried out during summer (n = 13) to assess the variation in both the influent concentrations and the removal efficiencies in similar climatic conditions. Among the selected PACs, all were quantified in influent samples but two of them were not systematically detected mainly due to the high quantification limit. PACs were detected at μg L−1levels with a maximum concentration of 96.7 μg L−1for Acetaminophen. The mean mass balance of the whole PAC pool during tracking was 448.5 and 26.3 g day−1in influents and effluents respectively. However, the removal efficiency varied depending on the sample (e.g. between −20 and 50% for Diclofenac). The fate of PACs during water treatment therefore depends on the removal quality in general, highlighted by the removal of nitrogen or BOD5. As a result, effluent concentrations were variable, unlike influent concentrations which were used to correctly assess the consumption behaviour of the population around the sampled WWTP. Although the daily mass loads were comparable with those found in other studies in Europe for the same type of WWTP, the estimated consumption sometimes exhibited significant differences with the theoretical one. These differences depend on the mode of consumption, i.e. whether the therapeutic class treats chronic or episodic diseases, and on the scale gap between estimated and theoretical concentrations.