The impact of gradient wind imbalance on tropical cyclone intensification within Ooyama’s three-layer model

The impact of gradient wind imbalance on tropical cyclone intensification within Ooyama’s three-layer model
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大山三层模型中梯度风不平衡对热带气旋增强的影响

DOI:
10.1175/jas-d-15-0336.1
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Frisius
Frisius
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frisius

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本文讨论了大山三层模式中热带气旋增强阶段梯度风平衡近似的有效性。为此目的,各种模型修改的敏感性进行检查,给出了包括(i)在自由大气中的不平衡动态,(ii)在平板边界层中的不平衡动态,(iii)高度参数化边界层模型,和(iv)刚性盖。当模型采用不平衡平板边界层时,出现最快的强化,而采用平衡边界层的模拟显示出最慢的强化。与现实的高度参数化的边界层模型的模拟表现出的强化率,位于两者之间。在所有实验中,对流环都会引起强度增强,但最大梯度风半径的明显收缩只发生在不平衡的边界层动力学情况下。在所有的实验中,刚性盖和自由大气的平衡近似对强化没有重要的影响,线性稳定性分析不能解释发现的对强化的敏感性。最有可能的非线性动量平流项在边界层中起着重要的作用。它被发现的诊断径向质量通量方程的基础上,潜热源项提供了最大的贡献,加强和收缩。此外,事实证明,对流环的位置内或外的最大梯度风半径(RMGW)是至关重要的强化,最有可能解释边界层不平衡的巨大影响。
This paper addresses the validity of the gradient wind balance approximation during the intensification phase of a tropical cyclone in Ooyama’s three-layer model. For this purpose, the sensitivity to various model modifications is examined, given by the inclusion of (i) unbalanced dynamics in the free atmosphere, (ii) unbalanced dynamics in the slab boundary layer, (iii) a height-parameterized boundary layer model, and (iv) a rigid lid. The most rapid intensification occurs when the model employs the unbalanced slab boundary layer, while the simulation with the balanced boundary layer reveals the slowest intensification. The simulation with the realistic height-parameterized boundary layer model exhibits an intensification rate that lies in between. Intensification is induced by a convective ring in all experiments, but a distinct contraction of the radius of maximum gradient wind only takes place with unbalanced boundary layer dynamics. In all experiments the rigid lid and the balance approximation for the free atmosphere have no crucial impact on intensification, and a linear stability analysis cannot explain the found sensitivity to intensification. Most likely the nonlinear momentum advection term plays an important role in the boundary layer. It is found on the basis of a diagnostic radial mass flux equation that the source term for latent heat provides the largest contribution to intensification and contraction. Furthermore, it turns out that the position of the convective ring inside or outside of the radius of maximum gradient wind (RMGW) is of vital importance for intensification and most likely explains the large impact of boundary layer imbalance.
DOI: 10.1002/qj.729
发表时间: 2010-05
影响因子: 8.9
作者:
D. Schecter
通讯作者: D. Schecter
DOI: 10.1002/qj.405
发表时间: 2008-05
影响因子: 8.9
作者:
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DOI: 10.1175/jas3601.1
发表时间: 2006-01-01
影响因子: 3.1
作者:
Hausman, SA;Ooyama, KV;Schubert, WH
通讯作者: Schubert, WH
DOI: 10.1002/qj.495
发表时间: 2009-10
影响因子: 8.9
作者:
T. Frisius;T. Hasselbeck
通讯作者: T. Frisius;T. Hasselbeck
DOI: --
发表时间: 2014
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
T. Frisius
通讯作者: T. Frisius